Investigation of Hydrogeological Structures of Paiko Region, North-Central Nigeria Using Integrated Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques

Abstract

Aeromagnetic data coupled with Landsat ETM+ data and SRTM DEM have been processed in order to map regional hydrogeological structures in the basement complex region of Paiko, North Central Nigeria. Lineaments were extracted from derivative maps of aeromagnetic, Landsat ETM+ and SRTM DEM datasets. Ground geophysical investigation utilizing Radial Vertical Electrical Sounding (RVES) was established in nine transects comprised of four sounding stations which are oriented in three azimuths. Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) was employed to map average depths of structures from aeromagnetic dataset. Selected thematic layers which included lineaments density, lithologic structure, slope, drainage density and geomorphologic maps were integrated and modeled using ArcGIS to generate a groundwater potential map of the area. Groundwater zones were classified into four categories: Very good, good, moderate and poor according to their potential to yield sustainable water to drilled wells. The results from RVES survey reveal a close correlation to lineaments delineated from surface structural mapping and remotely sensed datasets. Hydrogeological significance of these orientations suggest that aeromagnetic data can be used to map relatively deep-seated fractures which are likely to be open groundwater conduits while remotely sensed lineaments and orientations delineated from the RVES survey may indicate areas of recharge. Regions with high lineament density attributable to thick regolith and highly fractured basement have better groundwater potential. Drill depths in this area should target a minimum of 80 m to ensure sufficient and sustainable supplies to drilled wells. The outcome of this study would act as information framework that would guide the siting of productive water wells while providing needed information for relevant agencies in need of data for the development of groundwater resources.

Spatial assessment of termites interaction with groundwater potential conditioning parameters in Keffi, Nigeria

“…Alcaide et al, 2017) into very high, high, moderate, low and very low potential classes. Further, the derived groundwater potential map (fig.8) visually depicted the erratic nature of groundwater in the study area just as it has been described for crystalline basement rocks environment(Ejepu et al, 2017;Fashae et al, 2013). The highest groundwater potentiality of Keffi town is located in the eastern part in communities such as BCG, GRA, Keffi hotel, Gwazaarea, Pyanku and El-Kabir estate.…”

Do Termitaria Indicate the Presence of Groundwater? A Case Study of Hydrogeophysical Investigation on a Land Parcel with Termite Activity

“…Aquifer systems in the basement complex environment are highly complex, very localized and have a high degree of vertical and lateral inhomogeneity resulting in abstracting structures (e.g., boreholes and wells) exhibiting highly variable yields at close distances [ 42 , 43 ]. Most communities located within basement complex terrains are usually confronted with challenges of groundwater supply inadequacies, which can be improved by more robust investigations and the incorporation of features/structures that serve as biomarkers.…”

A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Revealing Causes of Pavement Failures: Case Study of Minna – Suleja Highway, North-Central Nigeria

“…Lithologically, the area is made up of the Granite, Quartzite, Schist and Gneiss with insignificant alluvial deposits. The area has a dentritic drainage configuration with River Gurara as the major River that drain the area which is characterized by tributaries of rivers Kudan, Jatau, Gudna, Jedna and Jednadalaso which are lithologically and structurally controlled [5]. Annual rainfall of the study area averages about 1300 and stretches from the month of April to October.…”