Investigation of cytokine (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of female patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Humoral immune response seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in the central nervous system (CNS) complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in the cerebrospinal fluid of female patients with several forms of MS (50 patients), and in female patients with several types of CNS complications in SLE (50 patients). Samples were investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Involvement of CNS in SLE patients seems to be characterized with elevated concentrations of all three cytokines in CNS and intrathecal synthesis of IL-6. In MS patients, an intrathecal synthesis of TNF-alpha (relapsing-remitting form) and IL-6 (primary progressive form) were observed. Clinical forms of MS seem to be immunologically heterogeneous. The activation of cytokine network was observed in SLE patients with CNS complications, independent of the pathological process. Similarities between SLE and MS patients with the primary progressive form of the disease were demonstrated concerning the intrathecal synthesis of IL-6. Only MS patients with the relapsing-remitting clinical form showed intrathecal TNF-alpha synthesis.

Proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α) levels in sera of patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE)

“…The previous studies showed that Th1 cytokines appear to play a role in autoantibody production [14,15]. The proinflammatory IL-6 may also play a role in autoimmune diseases; however, this pleiotropic cytokine is thought to be of pivotal importance for immune regulation through its action on both B and T cells [16].…”

Expression and Function of Cytokines and Chemokines in Neuropsychiatric Related Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

“…In addition, there is a genetic association between TNF-polymorphism and susceptibility to SLE [86]. Also, TNF-may account for abnormal responses within the CNS during the development of NPSLE, based on the evidence for elevated expression of TNF-in the CNS in parallel with neuropsychiatric syndrome [39,57].…”

“…The involvement of IL-10 in NPSLE has been investigated by several researchers. Increased levels of IL-10 in CSF were detected in a patient with NPSLE [38,39]. Of interest, Rood et al have shown that the IL-10 promoter haplotype ATA was found to be associated with the phenotype of SLE with neuropsychiatric manifestations, whereas the GCC haplotype was less frequent in these patients [40].…”

“…Table 1 summarises the detectable cytokines and chemokines in the CNS of NPSLE. TNF- [38,39,57] Chemokines IL-8 [10,21] FKN [112] Knowledge about the pathophysiological role of cytokines and chemokines during disease processes is still limited, and when information is more plentiful, it is still difficult to assess for for a variety of reasons. It should be noted that there are imbalances in the expression of cytokines and their specific receptors which are seen that depend on the specific phenotype of the disease under scrutiny.…”

Molecular biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients

“…It is characterized by areas of inflammation are control groups with inflammatory and neurological diseases other 128 than MS. Although they are often discriminated in 'non-inflammatory' 129 and 'inflammatory' disease controls, control cohorts are oftentimes in- 130 homogeneous and not well characterized in literature [15]. Therefore, 131 the BioMS-eu network proposed "consensus definitions and application 132 guidelines for control groups" of CSF biomarker studies in MS [15].…”