Investigation of combwax of honeybees with high-temperature gas chromatography and high-temperature gas chromatography–chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Aichholz, Reiner; Lorbeer, Eberhard

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00386-1

Cited by 58 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…In previous related reports (Aichholz and Lorbeer, 2000;Jimenez et al, 2004;Serra Bonvehi and Ornantes Bermejo, 2012;Maia and Nunes, 2013), the GC-MS technique was used mainly for qualitative analysis of beeswax hydrocarbons; however, detailed quantitative analysis of these compounds was not conducted, and only their percentage shares were determined. Satisfactory chromatographic separation of n-alkanes and for some alkenes and dienes was obtained on the ZB-5HT INFERNO (20 m × 0.18 mm × 0.18 µm) column with adequately set separation parameters (temperature and carrier gas flow, among others).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was used for the first time for the analysis of beeswax hydrocarbons by White et al (1960) and Downing et al (1961). Gas chromatography with different kinds of detection (FID, MS) is now commonly used in studies of beeswax composition (Aichholz and Lorbeer, 1996, 1999, 2000Jimenez et al, 2003Jimenez et al, , 2004Jimenez et al, , 2006Jimenez et al, , 2007Jimenez et al, , 2009Serra Bonvehi and Ornantes Bermejo, 2012;Maia and Nunes, 2013), and the majority of compounds belonging to certain homologous series have been characterized. However, some beeswax constituents remain unknown despite the use of the most recent chromatography techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Beeswax Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography with a Mass Detector (GC -MS ) Technique

Waś

Szczesna

Rybak-Chmielewska

2014

Journal of Apicultural Science

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a b s t r a c t here we describe a method of hydrocarbon (alkanes, alkenes, dienes) identification and quantitative determination of linear saturated hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) in beeswax using gas chromatography with a mass detector technique (gc-ms). beeswax hydrocarbons were isolated using a solid-phase extraction (spe) technique with neutral aluminum oxide (alumina -n, 1000 mg, 6 mL), then were separated on a non-polar gas chromatography column Zb-5ht inferno (20 m×0.18 mm×0.18 µm). qquantitative analysis of n-alkanes was conducted by the method of internal standard with squalane used as the internal standard. the basic parameters of validation (linearity and working range, limit of determination, repeatability and reproducibility, recovery) were determined. for all of the identified compounds, satisfactory (≥0.997) coefficients of correlation in the working ranges of the method (from 0.005 to 5.0 g/100 g) were obtained. the elaborated method was characterized by satisfactory repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility. the average coefficients of variation for the total n-alkanes did not exceed 2% under conditions of repeatability or 4% under conditions of reproducibility. the recovery for individual n-alkanes was above 94%; for their total content, it was 100.5%. in beeswax originating from apis mellifera, n-alkanes containing from 20 to 35 carbon atoms in their molecules were determined. the total content of these alkanes was between 9.08 g and 10.86 g/100 g (on average, 9.81 g/100 g). additionally, apart from the saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons and dienes were identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Beeswax Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography with a Mass Detector (GC -MS ) Technique

Waś

Szczesna

Rybak-Chmielewska

2014

Journal of Apicultural Science

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“…30%-80% of beeswax consists of long chained esters of palmitic, oleic and tetracosanoic acid [26][27][28][29]. Beeswax has many applications like manufacturing of candles, preparation of sculptures, coating of jelly, pharmaceutical applications, as varnishes and in cosmetics etc.…”

Section: A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization, and performance study of beeswax/expanded graphite composite as thermal storage material

Dinker

Agarwal

2016

Experimental Heat Transfer

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In this study beeswax a new energy storage material and its composite with expanded graphite was prepared, and characterized for its surface and thermal properties. Surface characterization showed no chemical interaction between beeswax and expanded graphite.The thermal conductivity of composite was improved with 117% enhancement. Thermal performance of beeswax and its composite as heat storage material was studied in a rectangular shell and tube thermal storage unit. Melting point of the composite remained almost same as that of beeswax however, melting time reduced considerably from 540 min to 360 minutes with inlet water at 80ºC and 2lpm flow rate.

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“…Ob- viously, and the same as for ethyl oleate, the position of the double bond could not be established by the electron impact spectra, but considering that oleic acid is the most abundant monounsaturated acid in beeswax (as mentioned above), it is presumable that this compound could be an oleate. Furthermore, oleates of alcohols with chains longer than 28 carbon atoms have been described in beeswax elsewhere [2,18].…”

Section: Composition Of Pure Beeswaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality assurance of commercial beeswax

Jiménez

Bernal

Aumente

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography A

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Investigation of combwax of honeybees with high-temperature gas chromatography and high-temperature gas chromatography–chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 58 publications

References 10 publications

Determination of Beeswax Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography with a Mass Detector (GC -MS ) Technique

Determination of Beeswax Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography with a Mass Detector (GC -MS ) Technique

Preparation, characterization, and performance study of beeswax/expanded graphite composite as thermal storage material

Quality assurance of commercial beeswax

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