Investigation of charge interaction between fullerene derivatives and single‐walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract

The charge interaction and corresponding doping effect between single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and various fullerene derivatives, namely, C60, phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), methano‐indenefullerene (MIF), 1′,1″,4′,4″‐tetrahydrodi[1,4]methanonaphthaleno[5,6]fullerene (ICBA), 1,4‐bis(dimethylphenylsilylmethyl)[60]fullerene (SIMEF‐1), and dimethyl(orthoanisyl) silylmethyl(dimethylphenylsilylmethyl)[60]fullerene (SIMEF‐2), are investigated. A variety of analytical techniques, including field‐effect transistors (FETs) made of horizontally aligned arrays of SWNTs, is used as a means of investigation. Data from different measurements have to be used to obtain a concrete evaluation for the fullerene‐applied SWNTs. The data collectively points toward the conclusion that fullerenes with high molecular orbital energy levels, namely, MIF, SIMEF‐1, SIMEF‐2, and PC61BM, induce p‐type doping, while fullerenes with low molecular orbital energy levels, namely, ICBA and C60, induce n‐type doping on the carbon nanotubes. Nevertheless, the SWNTs retained p‐type characteristics because n‐doping induced by the fullerenes are weak compared to the p‐doping of the water and oxygen on carbon nanotubes. This means that fullerene derivatives have the ability to fine‐tune the energy levels of carbon nanotubes, which can play a crucial role in carbon nanotube‐based electronics, such as solar cells, light‐emitting devices, and FETs.

Optimizing Redox Reactions in Aprotic Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…[ 86 ] Conductive carbon materials, such as porous carbons, carbon fibers (carbon nanofibers (CNFs)), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and their hybrids, are ideal additives and host matrix for S cathode. [ 87,88 ] The as‐deposited S can be stabilized through a strong interaction with carbon materials. In addition, carbon materials as S hosts offer enough conductive surface and abundant pores as ion/electron transport channels.…”

Carbon Nanohybrids for Advanced Electronic Applications

“…This includes field‐effect transistor (FET) measurements which have been used to advance concrete evaluation for fullerenes and SWNT nanohybrids. [ 116 ] The results collectively pointed toward the conclusion that fullerenes with high molecular orbital energy levels, namely, MIF, SIMEF‐1, SIMEF‐2, and PC 61 BM, excite p‐type doping, whereas fullerenes with lower molecular orbital energy levels, namely, ICBA and C 60 , impact n‐type doping of the CNTs. [ 116 ] However, the SWNT nanohybrids exhibit p‐type characteristics despite the n‐type doping, which is because fullerenes are weaker when compared with the p‐doping of the water and oxygen on CNTs.…”

“…[ 116 ] The results collectively pointed toward the conclusion that fullerenes with high molecular orbital energy levels, namely, MIF, SIMEF‐1, SIMEF‐2, and PC 61 BM, excite p‐type doping, whereas fullerenes with lower molecular orbital energy levels, namely, ICBA and C 60 , impact n‐type doping of the CNTs. [ 116 ] However, the SWNT nanohybrids exhibit p‐type characteristics despite the n‐type doping, which is because fullerenes are weaker when compared with the p‐doping of the water and oxygen on CNTs. [ 116 ] Thus, it can be concluded that fullerenes have an ability to fine tune the energy levels of CNTs, which plays an important role in CNT‐based electronics such as solar cells, LEDs, and FETs.…”

“…Recently, Delacou et al investigated how charge interactions and corresponding doping effects of SWNTs can be used in combination with some fullerene derivatives such as C 60 , phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM), methano‐indenefullerene (MIF), 10,100,40,400‐tetrahydrodi [1,4] methanonaphthaleno[5,6]fullerene (ICBA), 1,4‐bis(dimethylphenylsilylmethyl) [60]fullerene (SIMEF‐1), and dimethyl (orthoanisyl) silylmethyl (dimethylphenylsilylmethyl) [60]fullerene (SIMEF‐2). [ 116 ] Data from several studies have determined measurements like band energy evaluation sheet resistance measurements and energy evaluation for various materials. This includes field‐effect transistor (FET) measurements which have been used to advance concrete evaluation for fullerenes and SWNT nanohybrids.…”

“…[ 116 ] However, the SWNT nanohybrids exhibit p‐type characteristics despite the n‐type doping, which is because fullerenes are weaker when compared with the p‐doping of the water and oxygen on CNTs. [ 116 ] Thus, it can be concluded that fullerenes have an ability to fine tune the energy levels of CNTs, which plays an important role in CNT‐based electronics such as solar cells, LEDs, and FETs.…”