Investigation and Modeling of Flight Technical Error (FTE) Associated With UAS Operating With and Without Pilot Guidance

Abstract

With the increasing interest in the utilization of urban airspace for unmanned aerial system (UAS) operations, be it for cargo delivery or passenger transportation, the future city sky could become quite a crowded place if all those visions become reality. In such case, the question of how close two operations could be conducted while sharing an airspace must be answered to ensure the safe and efficient use of the urban airspace. The lateral separation needed to prevent inadvertent intrusion by neighboring tracks is especially important when designing airspace corridors constrained by the urban landscape. This paper documents a series of flight tests conducted in open fields with the goal of assessing the along-track (longitudinal), cross-track (lateral),and altitude (height) deviation under two different flight conditions: operator guided operation within Visual Line of Sight (VLoS), and the waypoint-guided mission analogous to operating Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLoS). The flight test statistics were also compared to the Monte-Carlo based path prediction model that was used in earlier studies for collision prediction. The goal is to determine the Flight Technical Error (FTE) that forms a part of the Total System Error (TSE) for Performance Based Navigation (PBN) of UAS to support the establishment of separation requirements in urban airspace.

Safety-Focused Framework for Enabling UAS Traffic Management in Urban Environment

“…The methodology used to evaluate the separation requirements is based on the probabilistic formulation originally developed by Reich [14] and modified for separation minima determination in International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) document 9689 [15]. Modifications were made to calculate the probability of collision using Monte-Carlo method and to account for the multirotor UAS flight dynamics (based on DJI Mavic 2) [16]. The look-ahead time used in the separation distance analysis were set to 20 seconds using a sum of pilot reaction time (∼ 5.7 s, Ref.…”

Conflict-Free Trajectory Planning for Urban Air Mobility Based on an Airspace-Resource-Centric Approach

“…2. The sizing of hexagonal columns was decided according to the results in our previous studies [13,14]. The side length of each hexagon is 20 meters, providing confidence of higher than 99% that the aircraft will not horizontally deviate from the airspace cell allocated to it.…”

A Simulation-Based Study on the Impact of Tracking Performance on UTM Flight Safety

“…It is expected that CNS will likewise play a major role in various UTM concepts, with further technological improvements enabling scability to high traffic densities while preserving systemic safety. For example, researchers have attempted to extend the RNP concept to UTM operations [11], [12].…”