Investigation, Analysis and Optimization of Exothermic Nitrations in Microreactor Processes

Antes, J.; Türcke, T.; Kerth, Jochen; Marioth, E.; Schnürer, Frank; Krause, H.; Löbbecke, Stefan

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56763-6_45

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Considering the explosive potential and corrosivity of nitrating agents, MSR are more suitable for such reactions. Antes et al 85 carried out nitration of naphthalene using N 2 O 5 as a nitrating agent. For intense mixing of two fluids, interdigital mixers as well as the microstructures with the split-recombine technique were applied.…”

Section: Gas-liquid Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructured Reactors for Multiphase Reactions: State of the Art

Kashid

Kiwi‐Minsker

2009

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

201

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The manufacture of chemicals in microstructured reactors (MSR) has become recently a new branch of chemical reaction engineering focusing on process intensification and safety. MSR have an equivalent hydraulic diameter up to a few hundreds of micrometers and, therefore, provide high mass-and heat-transfer efficiency increasing the reactor performance drastically, compared to the conventional one. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of the MSR applied for multiphase reactions. The reactions are classified based on the number of phases involved: fluid-fluid, fluid-solid, and three phase reactions. In the first part of the review, limitations of conventional reactors are discussed in brief. Furthermore, different types of MSR and their advantages with respect to their conventional counterparts are described. Particular attention is given to the identification of the parameters that control the flow pattern formed in microcapillaries regarding the mass-transfer efficiency. Case studies of various multiphase reactions carried out in MSR are discussed in detail.

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Section: Gas-liquid Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructured Reactors for Multiphase Reactions: State of the Art

Kashid

Kiwi‐Minsker

2009

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

201

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“…[23] [79,80] Knoevenagel-Reaktionen, [80] Aldolkondensationen, [81] Ugi-Reaktionen, [80,82] Michael-Additionen, [80] Hantzsch-Synthesen, [80,83,84] Diels-Alder-Additionen, [85] Azokupplungen, [51,86] Suzuki-Kupplungen [80,87] oder Enaminreaktionen. [80,88] Es wurden auch zahlreiche Fluorierungen, [34,[89][90][91][92][93] Chlorierungen, [48] Nitrierungen, [32,36,[94][95][96][97] Hydrierungen [98][99][100][101] und Oxidationen [39,40,56,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] beschrieben. Unter diesen Umsetzungen finden sich Additionen, [56,102,…”

Section: Geometrische Parameter Und Prozessgrößen Von Mikrostrukturreunclassified

“…[80,88] Es wurden auch zahlreiche Fluorierungen, [34,[89][90][91][92][93] Chlorierungen, [48] Nitrierungen, [32,36,[94][95][96][97] Hydrierungen [98][99][100][101] und Oxidationen [39,40,56,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] beschrieben. Unter diesen Umsetzungen finden sich Additionen, [56,102,105,106,111] Eliminierungen, [74,99,[112][113][114][115][116] nucleophile Substitutionen an Aliphaten, [117] elektrophile Substitutionen an Arenen, [34,91,[94][95][96] Cycloadditionen …”

Section: Geometrische Parameter Und Prozessgrößen Von Mikrostrukturreunclassified

Chemie in Mikrostrukturreaktoren

et al. 2004

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Mikrostrukturreaktoren haben in den letzten Jahren in der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen: Erste Firmen, die Prozessanlagen mit Mikrostrukturreaktoren anbieten, sind am Markt, eine Reihe von Instituten erforscht dieses Gebiet, Universitäten bieten Lehrveranstaltungen an, und einige verfahrenstechnisch orientierte Übersichtsartikel liegen bereits vor. Mikrostrukturierte Systeme sind besonders wertvoll für die Untersuchung stark exothermer schneller Reaktionen. Durch isotherme Betriebsweise lassen sich viele thermisch induzierte Nebenreaktionen zurückdrängen, was sicherheitstechnische Vorteile bei Reaktionen mit gefährlichen Reaktanten bringt. Obwohl viele organische Synthesen mit besseren Ergebnissen als in konventionellen Reaktoren durchgeführt wurden, ist der Mikrostrukturreaktor‐Technologie der große Durchbruch in der präparativen Chemie noch nicht gelungen. Aus diesem Grund unterstreicht dieser Aufsatz die Vorteile von Mikrostrukturreaktoren bei Flüssigphasen‐, Gasphasen‐ und Gas‐Flüssigphasen‐Reaktionen.

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“…[1][2][3][4] Particularly, in the chemical industry, gas-liquid microdispersed systems can provide large interfacial areas, fast mixing, and reduced heat/mass transfer limitations, compared with the conventional benchscale systems. As a result, gas-liquid microdispersed systems have recently been used for mass transfer operations and reactions process, taking gas absorption/desorption, 5 halogenations, [6][7][8][9] nitrations, 10 and hydrogen peroxide synthesis 11 as examples. Segmented bubbles can also be used as one of the methods to induce a recirculatory flow to enhance the mixing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies on gas microdispersion in organic solvents have been performed, especially for working systems without surfactant. However, the systems of gas dispersed in organic solvents have important applications in many gas-liquid reaction and separation processes, such as absorption, halogenations, 6-9 nitrations, 10 and gas-liquid catalytic hydrogenation. 30 A systematical study on the surfactant-free microdispersion of gas in organic solvents could be very useful for realizing the intensification of gas/liquid separation and chemical reaction processes in microdevices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant‐free microdispersion process of gas in organic solvents in microfluidic devices

Tan

et al. 2010

AIChE Journal

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in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).The scaling of bubble/slug formation in organic solvents at microscale without surfactant was initially investigated by using T-junction and symmetrically cross-shaped microfluidic devices. Four unique organic solvents and three dispersion methods were used, forming different flow patterns and dispersion size. The flow pattern of uniform slug flow was investigated. Both the gas-liquid flow and dispersion size, which ranged from 400 to 1400 lm in length and 270 to 430 lm in diameter, depended on several factors including dispersion method, two-phase flow rates, physical properties of the liquid phase, and structure of microchannels.was used to characterize the dispersion size with modification of Q G /Q L for different dispersion methods, considering the influences of breakup rate and transformation of the interface shape on the dispersion process. Three models were developed to predict the dispersion size for different dispersion methods, and calculated data were in good agreement with the experimental results.

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Investigation, Analysis and Optimization of Exothermic Nitrations in Microreactor Processes

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Microstructured Reactors for Multiphase Reactions: State of the Art

Microstructured Reactors for Multiphase Reactions: State of the Art

Chemie in Mikrostrukturreaktoren

Surfactant‐free microdispersion process of gas in organic solvents in microfluidic devices

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