Investigating the role of attachment orientation during emotional face recognition: An event-related potential study

Deactivating attachment strategies associate with early processing of facial emotion and familiarity in middle childhood: an ERP study

“…For example, in a behavioral study, lower perceptual thresholds to emotional -but not neutral -social stimuli in avoidantly attached adults were found (Maier et al, 2007). Regarding previous ERP evidence, early face-sensitive components were repeatedly observed to be increased in response to emotional face stimuli in avoidantly (Zheng et al, 2015) or insecurely attached individuals in general (Fraedrich et al, 2010, Irak et al, 2020. While these latter studies did not find specific effects of emotional valence, increased early face sensitive negativities to angry versus happy faces were only recently reported in both avoidantly and anxiously attached (or deactivating and hyperactivating) adults, with avoidantly attached individuals additionally showing shorter latencies to angry faces (Irak et al, 2020).…”

Eye movements and ERP biomarkers for face processing problems in avoidant attachment-style individuals

“…The ERP components in three-time windows previously thought to be sensitive to adult attachment and facial expression processing, namely, P100, N170, and P300, were analyzed. These were named and quantified as the most negative or positive ERP activity obtained at different time intervals after the stimulus onset, namely the occipital P100 (50-100 ms; O1/2) (Felmingham et al, 2003;Herrmann et al, 2005;Boutsen et al, 2006;Waller et al, 2015;Irak et al, 2020); the lateral-occipital N170 (160-210 ms; P7/8, PO7/8) (Zheng et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2017;Irak et al, 2020); and the parietal P300 (300-500 ms; P3/4, P7/8, PO7/8) (Ma et al, 2017; Figure 3). For each component, the mean amplitudes at selected locations in the time window were analyzed independently.…”

“…However, some alternative findings have shown that avoidant individuals appear to be strongly engaged in perceptual vigilance for emotional stimuli, with emotional faces being recognized faster than neutral ones and the amplitudes of C1 and P1 being larger for angry faces (Dan and Raz, 2012;Zheng et al, 2015). In addition, they exhibit an enhanced amplitude for the N170 component in response to angry faces when compared to secure individuals (Irak et al, 2020). These results indicate a perceptual bias, especially in the initial stages, and are consistent with the vigilance-avoidance theory, which suggests that avoidant individuals exhibit initial vigilance to threats followed by disengagement and attentional avoidance (Derakshan et al, 2007;Myers, 2010).…”

“…For example, the processing of emotional stimuli containing information that influences interpersonal communication, such as fear and anger, may be affected at different levels (Liang et al, 2021a,b). However, when investigating the effects of avoidant attachment on the processing of emotional faces, previous studies usually only included angry, neutral, or happy faces (Dan and Raz, 2012;Irak et al, 2020), ignoring the differences in the processing of different threatening stimuli or negative emotional faces (e.g., sadness, anger, fear, and disgust) across attachment types. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically study the impact of avoidant attachment on the processing of facial expressions of different basic emotions, particularly negative emotions.…”

Research on Fast Face Recognition Method Based on Double Decision Subspace

“…The image will be disturbed by noise during acquisition, resulting in some noise points in the face image, which will reduce the image definition. Therefore, noise filtering is required [22][23][24]. A median filtering method is used for image denoising.…”