Investigating the Energy Sink-Hole Problem in Connected $k$-Covered Wireless Sensor Networks

Ammari, Habib M.

doi:10.1109/tc.2013.12

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To recapitulate, in our work, each sensor is responsible of deriving the appropriate load weight with the associated transmission range, namely, potential next hop, that evenly distribute the energy consumption among underwater sensors. Similar objectives have been achieved in the literature by considering mobile sink . However, in our work, we tackle the energy sink hole problem by considering a static underwater sensor deployment strategy where underwater sensors are manually placed in a circular sensor field centered at one static sink.…”

Section: Model and Problem Definitionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Accordingly, all the sensors consume their energy budget as smoothly and uniformly as possible. In terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it was shown that the closest sensors to the sink tend to deplete their provided amount of energy faster than other sensors . This unbalanced energy consumption is liable to drastically reduce the lifetime of sensor networks; that is why it should be avoided to the largest possible extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Routing design avoiding energy holes in underwater acoustic sensor networks

Zidi

Bouabdallah

Boutaba

2016

Wireless Communications

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International audienceInterest in UnderWater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) has rapidly increased with the desire to control the large portion of the world covered by oceans. Energy efficiency is one of the major concerns in UW-ASNs due to the limited energy budget of the underwater sensor nodes. In this paper, we tackle the problem of energy holes in UW-ASNs while taking into consideration the unique characteristics of the underwater channel. We prove that we can evenly distribute the transmission load among sensor nodes provided that sensors adjust their communication range when they send or forward the periodically generated data. In particular, we propose a balanced routing strategy along with the associated deployment pattern that meticulously determines the load weight for each possible next hop that lead to fair energy consumption among all underwater sensors. Consequently the energy holes problem is overcome and hence the network lifetime is improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses the energy hole problem in UW-ASNs

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Section: Model and Problem Definitionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing design avoiding energy holes in underwater acoustic sensor networks

Zidi

Bouabdallah

Boutaba

2016

Wireless Communications

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“…[14] we know it is also true for nodes nearer to compromised node (the malicious node forms a metaphorical sink) .So if we obtain the area with energy consumption model similar to energy model for the nodes near the sink, we can estimate an extremely small region which contains malicious node and its neighbors and detect the Approximate compromised node region by considering the energy Diagram. Since most often, the consumed energy by neighboring nodes of sinkhole is very similar to sinkhole node we only can identify the zone that sinkhole have occurred deterministically not the compromised node.…”

Section: Sinkhole Area Detection Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 1 in [14] shows that E(  c ) increases significantly as the distance becomes shorter to the location of the sink (sinkhole). In fact if there is a node which as we come nearer it, the International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since most often, the consumed energy by neighboring nodes of sinkhole is very similar to sinkhole node we only can identify the zone that sinkhole have occurred deterministically not the compromised node. The average energy consumption of a node located near the sink is modeled in [14] which can be extended the nodes near the hole node.We focus on the source sensors within a distance r ≤ ≤ R from the sink, where R stands for the radius of the communication range of the source sensors.More specifically, we consider a circle  ( 1) It is assume that the energy consumption of the sensors is due to data reception, transmission for static sink network. where E elec = 50 × 10 -9 is the electronics energy, is the transmitter amplifier ( = 10 -11 for a= 2 and = 13 × 10 -16 for a>= 3),and a is the path-loss Exponent (2<=a<=4) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Trust Based Routing Protocol for Mitigation of Sinkhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Naderi¹,

Shahedi²,

Mazinani³

2015

IJIET

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520 Abstract-As wireless sensor networks are characterized by severely constrained node resources, low communication range, low memory capacity and dynamic nature of WSNs, implementing security functionality and detection protocols to protect against adversary nodes becomes a challenging task. It is very likely that the encryption keys in the sensor nodes are accessed by attacker entities. The compromised nodes can launch sinkhole or wormhole attack to prevent the arrival of important information to the base station (BS). Establishing trust among distributed network entities has been recognized as a powerful tool to secure distributed networks such as MANETs and sensor networks. In this paper we first estimate the area in the network where a sinkhole attack has occurred there by considering the energy consumption model in the network. Then we present an entropy-based trust model in which more factors that affect trust computation are introduced. We apply a trust-based routing for providing a high level of security by path selection based on packet trust requirement. So it is needed that a routing protocol classifies the traffic packets according to their requested security and then routs the packets related to each class through the path that fulfills the security requirements of them. Our proposed approach that purposes to cover the mentioned problem is a resource efficient security protocol. This means that a trust value is allocated to the area suspected of sinkhole; the area is located by analyzing the energy of networks nodes and the packet is forwarded through low risk paths.Index Terms-Wireless sensor networks, sinkhole attack, trust model, secure routing. I. INTRODUCTIONIn sinkhole attack the compromised node attracts the traffic of its neighbors by pretending that it has the shortest path to the base-station.and drops them. So it prevents the BS to receive sensed information completely and correctly. The sinkhole may launch a variety of attacks against the data traffic. If the sinkhole node drops the packets selectively we are facing a selective forwarding attack. Also it may modify some packets content and forwards them which is the most malicious type of sinkhole [1], [2]. Compromised nodes in selective forwarding attack are modeled as nodes that drop messages with probability p messages instead of forwarding them. When the probability p=1 we are facing sinkhole nodes [3]. In order to protect WSNs against malicious and selfish behavior, different secure routing protocols have been Manuscript received April 3, 2014; revised June 13, 2014. Omid Naderi and Mehdi Shahedi are with the Department of Computer, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, South Khorasan, Birjand, MhdShahedi@Gmail.com).Sayyed majid Mazinani is with the Electrical Engineering Department, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran (e-mail: smajid_mizinani@yahoo.com).developed which mainly rely on cryptographic Basics and authentication mechanisms which are not suitable for WSNs. It is difficult to prevent pack...

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