Invertebrate Circulatory Systems

Abstract

The sections in this article are: Protozoa and Parazoa Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nemerteans Annelids Polychaetes and Oligochaetes Hirudinea Molluscs Heart and Vascular Performance Arthropods I: Onychophorans Arthropods II : Chelicerates Limulus Scorpions Spiders Arthropods III : Uniramia Myriapods Chilopods Insects Arthropods IV : Crustaceans Echinoderms Pogonophora Vestimentifera Hemichordates Urochordates Cephalochordates Conclusion

Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability

“…Thus, we will employ the definition of hearts elaborated by Simðes-Costa and colleagues [51], who consider hearts as pumps containing inflow and outflow chambers invested at some point in an animals lifetime with myocytes. This definition is similar to the concept of chambered hearts suggested in Romer [52]; McMahon and colleagues [53]; and Farrel and colleagues [54] and clarifies the obvious differences between chambered pumps (so far identified only in vertebrates and in molluscs) and all other circulation driving devices, which will be referred here in general as circulatory pumps or pumping organs. Pumping organs and hearts of bilaterian animals are depicted in Figure 1.…”

Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability

“…Thus, we will employ the definition of hearts elaborated by Simðes-Costa and colleagues [51], who consider hearts as pumps containing inflow and outflow chambers invested at some point in an animals lifetime with myocytes. This definition is similar to the concept of chambered hearts suggested in Romer [52]; McMahon and colleagues [53]; and Farrel and colleagues [54] and clarifies the obvious differences between chambered pumps (so far identified only in vertebrates and in molluscs) and all other circulation driving devices, which will be referred here in general as circulatory pumps or pumping organs. Pumping organs and hearts of bilaterian animals are depicted in Figure 1.…”

Physiological–biochemical properties of blue mussel Mytilus edulis adaptation to oil contamination

“…Changes in the mussel HR can be additionally interpreted through the influence of some neurotransmitters. In our case, release of such neurotransmitters as 5-GT, FMFR-amides and/or cardioactive peptides (McMahon et al 1997) could take place. In the future, special attention should be paid to the biogenic amines FMFR since concentrations of these neurotransmitters grow under stress conditions (Yamagishi et al 2004).…”

Cellular clot formation in a sipunculan worm: Entrapment of foreign particles, cell death and identification of a PGRP-related protein

“…Requirement for a hard clot having humoral and cellular components, with enough resistance to prevent loss of fluid upon injury of the body wall, has been demonstrated in arthropods Bidla et al, 2005). This requirement has been related to the fact that haemolymph pressure is kept permanently positive due to rigid exoskeleton and the presence of an open circulatory system (McMahon et al, 1997). In contrast, sipunculans do not have a rigid exoskeleton and do not have a true circulatory system.…”

Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability

“…Thus, we will employ the definition of hearts elaborated by Simðes-Costa and colleagues [51], who consider hearts as pumps containing inflow and outflow chambers invested at some point in an animals lifetime with myocytes. This definition is similar to the concept of chambered hearts suggested in Romer [52]; McMahon and colleagues [53]; and Farrel and colleagues [54] and clarifies the obvious differences between chambered pumps (so far identified only in vertebrates and in molluscs) and all other circulation driving devices, which will be referred here in general as circulatory pumps or pumping organs. Pumping organs and hearts of bilaterian animals are depicted in Figure 1.…”

Physiological–biochemical properties of blue mussel Mytilus edulis adaptation to oil contamination

“…Changes in the mussel HR can be additionally interpreted through the influence of some neurotransmitters. In our case, release of such neurotransmitters as 5-GT, FMFR-amides and/or cardioactive peptides (McMahon et al 1997) could take place. In the future, special attention should be paid to the biogenic amines FMFR since concentrations of these neurotransmitters grow under stress conditions (Yamagishi et al 2004).…”

Cellular clot formation in a sipunculan worm: Entrapment of foreign particles, cell death and identification of a PGRP-related protein

“…Requirement for a hard clot having humoral and cellular components, with enough resistance to prevent loss of fluid upon injury of the body wall, has been demonstrated in arthropods Bidla et al, 2005). This requirement has been related to the fact that haemolymph pressure is kept permanently positive due to rigid exoskeleton and the presence of an open circulatory system (McMahon et al, 1997). In contrast, sipunculans do not have a rigid exoskeleton and do not have a true circulatory system.…”

Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability

“…Thus, we will employ the definition of hearts elaborated by Simðes-Costa and colleagues [51], who consider hearts as pumps containing inflow and outflow chambers invested at some point in an animals lifetime with myocytes. This definition is similar to the concept of chambered hearts suggested in Romer [52]; McMahon and colleagues [53]; and Farrel and colleagues [54] and clarifies the obvious differences between chambered pumps (so far identified only in vertebrates and in molluscs) and all other circulation driving devices, which will be referred here in general as circulatory pumps or pumping organs. Pumping organs and hearts of bilaterian animals are depicted in Figure 1.…”

Physiological–biochemical properties of blue mussel Mytilus edulis adaptation to oil contamination

“…Changes in the mussel HR can be additionally interpreted through the influence of some neurotransmitters. In our case, release of such neurotransmitters as 5-GT, FMFR-amides and/or cardioactive peptides (McMahon et al 1997) could take place. In the future, special attention should be paid to the biogenic amines FMFR since concentrations of these neurotransmitters grow under stress conditions (Yamagishi et al 2004).…”

Cellular clot formation in a sipunculan worm: Entrapment of foreign particles, cell death and identification of a PGRP-related protein

“…Requirement for a hard clot having humoral and cellular components, with enough resistance to prevent loss of fluid upon injury of the body wall, has been demonstrated in arthropods Bidla et al, 2005). This requirement has been related to the fact that haemolymph pressure is kept permanently positive due to rigid exoskeleton and the presence of an open circulatory system (McMahon et al, 1997). In contrast, sipunculans do not have a rigid exoskeleton and do not have a true circulatory system.…”