“…Bar code technology has been driving efficiency in retail supply chains since the 1970s (Weightman, 2015). RFID, on the other hand, only gained prominence as a potential source of logistical innovations in the early 2000s, as many industry leaders such as Walmart, TESCO, and Target investigated RFID‐based process improvements aimed at reducing labor and inventory costs (De Oliveria et al., 2019; Lacy, 2005). Due to practical challenges such as poor read rates, expensive RFID tags, and low rates of compliance from suppliers, some significant applications of RFID have fallen short of expectations (Fosso Wamba et al., 2016; Kaplan, 2018).…”