Invasive Insect Pests of Forests and Urban Trees in Russia: Origin, Pathways, Damage, and Management

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Facultative winter adult diapause in Halyomorpha halys is regulated by a long-day photoperiodic response. Day length also influences nymphal development, which slows down at the critical (near-threshold) day lengths. We compared the photoperiodic responses of one native (Andong, South Korea) and three invasive (Torino, Italy; Basel, Switzerland; and Sochi, Russia) populations in a laboratory common-garden experiment. Nymphs developed and emerging adults were reared at 24 °C in a range of photoperiods with day lengths of 14.0, 14.5, 15.0, 15.5, and 16.0 h. The critical day lengths of the photoperiodic responses of both sexes fell between 14.5 and 15.0 h in the native Korean population and between 15.0 and 15.5 h in three invasive European populations. The differences between the three invasive populations were not significant, despite their distant origins. Moreover, the difference between the Korean and European populations was much smaller than was expected. The microevolution was possibly ‘too slow to keep up’ with the rapid spread of the invader across Eurasia. It is expected that soon the critical day length of the invasive H. halys populations will gradually change to adapt better to local conditions. At present, the critical day length for diapause induction of 15 h 15 min can be used to model the phenology, further spread, and response to climate change for all European populations of the pest.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flying over Eurasia: Geographic Variation of Photoperiodic Control of Nymphal Development and Adult Diapause Induction in Native and Invasive Populations of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Musolin

Dolgovskaya

Zakharchenko

et al. 2022

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“…The present study focuses on the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). This East Asian invader is now considered one of the most serious alien pests in North America and Europe [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Recently H. halys was recorded on the northern coast of the Black Sea: in Abkhazia and the Krasnodar Territory of Russia [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This East Asian invader is now considered one of the most serious alien pests in North America and Europe [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Recently H. halys was recorded on the northern coast of the Black Sea: in Abkhazia and the Krasnodar Territory of Russia [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The phenology and seasonal cycle of H. halys have been studied in various regions [ 4 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Every Thing There Is a Season: Phenology and Photoperiodic Control of Seasonal Development in the Invasive Caucasian Population of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Reznik

Карпун

Zakharchenko

et al. 2022

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Studies on the phenology of local populations of invasive insects are necessary for monitoring and predicting their dispersion. We investigated the phenology of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in the Sochi region (Krasnodar Territory, Russia) from 2018 to 2021 by regular field sampling and dissecting. The results of the sampling suggest that H. halys is at least partially bivoltine in the studied region: the main period of mass oviposition (by the overwintered females) occurs from June to July; the second, much shorter period of egg-laying (by females of the new, i.e., the first generation) occurs in August. Reproductively active individuals (i.e., females with developed ovaries and filled spermatheca and males with filled ectodermal sac) were recorded from the end of May to the beginning of September. Such a seasonal pattern correlated with day length: when the natural photoperiod decreased below the experimentally determined critical day length (15.0–15.5 h), the proportions of females with fully developed ovaries sharply dropped to zero. Both the rate of H. halys pre-adult development and the timing of the induction of winter adult diapause observed under natural conditions fully agreed with the earlier predictions that had been based on the results of laboratory experiments.

“…It can be integrated into larvae surveillance programs with mobile deployment for general use. Prototypes of trunk-boring beetle monitoring system built with our model are capable of early warning in both forests and urban areas; therefore, this enables early reaction and treatment, such as quarantine measures, sanitation felling, chemical control, and biological control [ 25 ]. Some parasitoids are potential agents for the biological control of EAB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control measures include the cutting of infested trees, which are mostly detected by dry branches and typical D-shaped exit holes on the bark. In addition, the replacement of North American and European ash trees with more resistant Asian ash species or possibly hybrids, and chemical and biological control is available [ 25 ]. The detection of trunk-boring beetles by their vibrational cues is an efficient and convenient approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Waveform Mapping-Based Approach for Enhancement of Trunk Borers’ Vibration Signals Using Deep Learning Model

Shi

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

The larvae of some trunk-boring beetles barely leave traces on the outside of trunks when feeding within, rendering the detection of them rather difficult. One approach to solving this problem involves the use of a probe to pick up boring vibrations inside the trunk and distinguish larvae activity according to the vibrations. Clean boring vibration signals without noise are critical for accurate judgement. Unfortunately, these environments are filled with natural or artificial noise. To address this issue, we constructed a boring vibration enhancement model named VibDenoiser, which makes a significant contribution to this rarely studied domain. This model is built using the technology of deep learning-based speech enhancement. It consists of convolutional encoder and decoder layers with skip connections, and two layers of SRU++ for sequence modeling. The dataset constructed for study is made up of boring vibrations of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and environmental noise. Our VibDenoiser achieves an improvement of 18.57 in SNR, and it runs in real-time on a laptop CPU. The accuracy of the four classification models increased by a large margin using vibration clips enhanced by our model. The results demonstrate the great enhancement performance of our model, and the contribution of our work to better boring vibration detection.