Introduction to the systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan

Ebert, David A.; Ho, Hsuan‐Ching; White, William T.; Carvalho, Marcelo R. de

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.3

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The overall tree shape evidences several lineages with short internal branches subtending species-rich crowns. The consensus tree topology supports the monophyly of the Batoidea as a natural group, in agreement with traditional taxonomy (Ebert & Compagno 2007;Ebert et al 2013;Last et al 2016). …”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The genus includes 45 valid and several undescribed species (Séret, 1989;McEachran & Dunn, 1998;Ebert & Compagno, 2007;Last, 2008;Last et al, 2008a;Séret & Last, 2008;Last & Alava, 2013;Ebert et al, 2013). (Krefft & Stehmann 1975), D. mennii Paragó 2001 andD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As more genes are analysed, topological conflicts between phylogenies based on individual genes were revealed. Moreover, information from a single gene is often insufficient to obtain a consistent hypothesis with the natural history (de Carvalho, 1996;Compagno, 1999b;Dunn et al, 2003;McEachran & Aschliman, 2004;Ebert et al, 2013) and firm statistical support (Miyamoto & Fitch, 1995;López et al, 2006;Inoue et al, 2010;Aschliman et al, 2012a;Smith et al, 2015). As a consequence, batoids phylogeny have remained overlooked and poorly resolved simply because of the limited availability of data (Aschliman et al, 2012a;Last et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skate-ing on thin ice: molecular ecology of longnose skates in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

Vargas-Caro¹

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Longnose skates may be one of the most vulnerable taxa of elasmobranch fishes, with documented local extinctions and population declines worldwide. Longnose skates are the main component of the commercial elasmobranch fisheries in the south-east Pacific Ocean, especially in Chilean waters where target and bycatch fisheries have led two species to the brink of collapse. The yellownose skate Zearaja chilensis and the roughskin skate Dipturus trachyderma are endemic of southern South America yet little is known about population ecology and stock structure.Additionally, the external morphology of longnose skates is remarkably similar, especially in early life stages, and a lack of accurate species identification has compromised official landings records which in turn has impacted fishery management. Overall abundance of longnose skates has declined substantially over the last decade due to intensive fishing pressure and the fishery is considered to be `fully exploited'.Based on all available information in peer-reviewed and grey literature, a comparative synthesis of the biology and ecology was conducted on Z. chilensis and D. trachyderma. A positive increase in relation to scientific knowledge over the past decade was noticeable, although several basic aspects of their biology and ecology are still missing. There is an urgent need to fill knowledge gaps on, for example, movement patterns, feeding ecology and habitat use, population size and structure, and levels of connectivity. In this study, taxonomic clarity was provided, and relevant information with regard to the biology, ecology and fisheries that interact with longnose skates was collated.Confusion of identity between longnose skates occurs to the present day. In order to address this issue, morphometric and genetic tools are provided to aid in species identification of early-life stage specimens. Thirty-seven morphometric measurements and three meristic characters were used to identify specimens. These results suggest that the number of midline, nuchal and inter-dorsal thorns could be used to discriminate between specimens of Z. chilensis and D. trachyderma. Previously, the presence of a single nuchal thorn was considered to be a feature that could be used to separate species, however, this morphological feature has proven to be variable in Z. chilensis. Additionally, partial sequences of the 16S, cox1, nadh2 and the control regions of the mitochondrial DNA were amplified and analysed for intraspecific and interspecific divergence. Amplified fragments of cox1 gene and the control region contained information to separate the target species; however, specimens of D. trachyderma and Z. chilensis were grouped indistinctly within a single clade using 16S and nadh2 fragments.-iiiThe evolutionary history of Zearaja was also explored, in a broad taxonomic context by using whole mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) to understand higher-level phylogenetic relationships among batoids. A data set of 56 mitogenomes of 47 batoids and four outgroups was analysed. O...

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skate-ing on thin ice: molecular ecology of longnose skates in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

Vargas-Caro¹

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“…While the checklist was supposed to give the reference collection numbers (see Compagno et al, 2005;Ebert et al, 2013), the absence of Indian specimens and appropriate cataloguing hindered this effort. Clearly, national museums and reference collections should strive to have specimens of all the Indian species in custody.…”

Section: Diversity and Taxonomic Status Of Indian Chondrichthyansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklist of Chondrichthyans in Indian waters

V,¹,

Bineesh²,

Gopalakrishnan³

et al. 2014

J.Mar.Biol.Ass.India

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Conservation, management and sustainable utilisation of biological resources depend on the accurate identification of exploited taxa, which emphasises the need for systematic taxonomic research. Chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras) are considered to be one of the most vulnerable exploited marine resources, however, the basic taxonomic study of these groups in Indian waters needs improvement to achieve better management for their sustainable exploitation. We discuss issues concerning chondrichthyan taxonomic research in India and provide an extended, updated checklist of chondrichthyans listed/reported from Indian waters, together with comments on their occurrence.

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“…The inclusion of morphological characters, skeletal descriptions, radiographic and magnetic resonance images, and genetic sequences from type specimens, are now standard techniques for descriptions and revision of species (White & Last, 2012). The present thesis, have taken advantage of these techniques and the global tendency to revisiting old species descriptions with modern eyes (Ebert et al, 2013a) in one of the "black spot" region in cartilaginous fish science (Compagno, 1984;Ebert et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Extension Of the Distribution Ranges Of Mobula Japanica A Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, Taxonomy and Distribution of south-east Pacific Cartilaginous Fishes

Bustamante¹

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Cartilaginous fishes (formerly Class Chondrichthyes) belong to an ancient, highly conserved taxonomic group. Despite the evolutionary success of the group, of which there are over 1,000 extant species, many are now threatened with extinction, regionally or globally, primarily as a result of human activities. The main reason for the susceptibility of these species is the K-selected lifehistory traits that characterise many species of cartilaginous fishes such as, slow growth, relatively late maturity, low fecundity and a low rate of potential population increase.Cartilaginous fishes are generally predators that occupy the upper levels of marine food webs. They are naturally rare compared with other fishes, but have a vital role in the maintenance of marine ecosystem balance. Their biological characters make them highly susceptible to population depletion as a result of anthropogenic activity, including targeted fisheries, bycatch and habitat loss or modification. The life history strategy of cartilaginous fish species suggests the need for conservative management measurements that ensure sustainability with compatible fishery activities.Cartilaginous fishes constitute an important component of the marine ecosystem in the southeast Pacific Ocean. Over 93 species of sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras inhabit Chilean waters and at least half of them are subjected to intense fishing pressure in a diverse range of fisheries.Many of these species are vulnerable to population collapse. Even though they are not directly targeted in commercial fisheries, they are caught as bycatch by longline, gillnet and trawl net fisheries within Chile's Exclusive Economic Zone. Limited biological information is available to assess the potential impacts that anthropogenic disturbance may produce in populations of cartilaginous fishes, and this thesis aims to improve our knowledge of the taxonomy, life history and fisheries of cartilaginous fishes commonly caught in Chilean waters.The cartilaginous ichthyofauna in Chile was assessed through extensive surveys conducted in coastal artisanal, small to medium scale fisheries and larger semi-industrial oceanic fisheries. Here we review the taxonomy and fishery biology from a relatively basic level (checklist of living species, morphological descriptions and biology) towards complex conservation issues (distribution, habitat use and fishery mortality). However, these results represent the first attempt to quantify the abundance and distribution ranges of sharks, skates and chimaeras commonly caught along the Chilean coast. New biological and ecological data have complemented actual knowledge of cartilaginous fish dynamics in relation to fishing activity in the south-east Pacific Ocean.As part of this thesis, three new species have been added to the Chilean cartilaginous fauna (Chapter 2): the spinetail mobula Mobula japanica, the eastern Pacific black ghostshark Hydrolagus -iimelanophasma and the thickbody skate Amblyraja frerichsi. The inclusion of these species improves identificatio...

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Introduction to the systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Skate-ing on thin ice: molecular ecology of longnose skates in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

Skate-ing on thin ice: molecular ecology of longnose skates in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

Checklist of Chondrichthyans in Indian waters

Biology, Taxonomy and Distribution of south-east Pacific Cartilaginous Fishes

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