Intraspecific Variation of Centruroides Edwardsii Venom from Two Regions of Colombia

Abstract

We report the first description studies, partial characterization, and intraspecific difference of Centruroides edwardsii, Gervais 1843, venom. C. edwardsii from two Colombian regions (Antioquia and Tolima) were evaluated. Both venoms showed hemolytic activity, possibly dependent of enzymatic active phospholipases, and neither coagulant nor proteolytic activities were observed. Venom electrophoretic profile showed significant differences between C. edwardsii venom from both regions. A high concentration of proteins with molecular masses between 31 kDa and 97.4 kDa, and an important concentration close or below 14.4 kDa were detected. RP-HPLC retention times between 38.2 min and 42.1 min, showed bands close to 14.4 kDa, which may correspond to phospholipases. RP-HPLC venom profile showed a well conserved region in both venoms between 7 and 17 min, after this, significant differences were detected. From Tolima region venom, 50 well-defined peaks were detected, while in the Antioquia region venom, 55 well-defined peaks were detected. Larvicidal activity was only detected in the C. edwardsii venom from Antioquia. No antimicrobial activity was observed using complete venom or RP-HPLC collected fractions of both venoms. Lethally activity (carried out on female albino swiss mice) was detected at doses over 19.2 mg/kg of crude venom. Toxic effects included distress, excitability, eye irritation and secretions, hyperventilation, ataxia, paralysis, and salivation.

Partial Characterization of Venom from the Colombian Spider Phoneutria Boliviensis (Aranae:Ctenidae)

“…This activity is confirmed as dependent on the presence of PLA 2 since the complete venom and two fractions eluting at 51.8 and 57.5 min hydrolyzed the specific substrate 4-nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid. The electrophoretic and chromatographic profile confirms the presence of compounds with similar molecular masses of these phospholipases, bands around 14 kDa, and different peaks eluted in the arachnids’ phospholipase region, between 25% and 30% acetonitrile, as described in different arachnids [ 16 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. More specific assays should be performed to determine enzymatic parameters and characterize these enzymes.…”

“…The induced ataxia and indirect death was due to the low concentration of the fraction collected from the RP-HPLC. Insecticidal activity has been widely reported in other Phoneutria genera especially in P. nigriventer where the Tx4 family toxins have been identified as responsible for this activity [ 19 ] along with other different arachnids such as the scorpion Centruroides edwardsii [ 29 ]. This activity is most probably mediated through actions in the glutamatergic synapses in the neuromuscular junctions [ 19 ].…”

Purificación parcial de péptidos y actividad citotóxica del veneno T. macrochirus

“…Con base en los resultados descritos, es posible concluir que el componente peptídico del veneno de T. macrochirus tuvo actividad citotóxica en las líneas celulares evaluadas, lo cual se ha observado también en péptidos purificados y sintetizados a partir de otros venenos de escorpión, por lo cual se han empezado a considerar como una alternativa para el diseño y la elaboración de nuevos agentes terapéuticos (13,16,18,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51). De ahí la necesidad de separar completamente algunos de los péptidos de este veneno y evaluar el efecto que cada uno de ellos produce en las diferentes líneas celulares evaluadas para determinar plenamente el responsable de cada uno de los efectos observados.…”

Molecular Barcoding of Green Bottle Fly, Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae ) Using COI Gene Sequences In Upper Egypt.

“…This study indicated that less of the variation within a species may be partly attributed to the high mobility of these flies. Such variability in larger geographical distributions may be attributed to diverse factors, such as age, gender, type of food, environmental conditions, genetic diversity, and geographic location (Estrada-Gomez et al, 2014).…”