Intraocular penetration of sequentially instilled topical moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin

Sugioka, Koji; Fukuda, Masahiko; Komoto, Shohei; Itahashi, Motoki; Yamada, Masakazu; Shimomura, Yoshikazu

doi:10.2147/opth.s7757

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, it does not penetrate ocular tissues or achieve as high a concentration in aqueous as moxifloxacin. In a rabbit model, mean moxifloxacin concentration in the conjunctiva was significantly higher than either levofloxacin ( P = 0.0191) or gatifloxacin ( P = 0.0236) 63. This trend is repeatable in human studies.…”

Section: Gatifloxacinmentioning

confidence: 57%

Clinical use of gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

Cervantes¹,

Mah²

2011

OPTH

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Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common infectious disease of the eye, characterized by conjunctival hyperemia, eyelid edema, and purulent discharge. Although the prevalence and incidence are not well reported, bacterial conjunctivitis represents one of the most frequent causes of patient visits to both primary care physicians and ophthalmologists. Most cases of nongonococcal and nonchlamydial bacterial conjunctivitis are self-limiting and may resolve without intervention. There is a place for treatment, however, which allows for a shorter time to clinical and microbiological resolution which may decrease the mild morbidity, decrease health care costs of visits and potential complications, return patients back to school or the work force, and limit the potential spread of this communicable infection. Gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution is a broad spectrum 8-methoxyfluroroquinolone bactericidal antibiotic, with good activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Gram-negative pathogens. It also has a relatively good resistance profile, making it a more than adequate choice in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis when therapy is warranted.

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Section: Gatifloxacinmentioning

confidence: 57%

Clinical use of gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

Cervantes¹,

Mah²

2011

OPTH

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“…It should be noted that no ocular toxic reactions were reported by any of these authors. Further, toxic reactions were not reported by Sugioka et al when studying penetration of gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin into the ocular tissues of New Zealand White rabbits 22. This group was looking at the relative penetration rates of these three antibiotics when given as eye drops.…”

Section: Pre-clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution for Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Safety, Efficacy and Patient Perspective

Schultz

2012

Ophthalmol Eye Dis

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Gatifloxacin is a fourth generation fluroquinolone antibiotic that has been prescribed for systemic use. However, the drug which was developed by Kyorin (Japan) was linked to toxic reactions and death and was banned in the United States and Canada for use as an oral dosage form. It continues to be used as a topical application for ophthalmic conditions as the systemic toxicity seen when taking the drug orally has not been observed with ophthalmic use. The available data indicate that ocular use of gatifloxacin is safe, and effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including intracellular bacteria and anaerobes.

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“…They reported different ocular penetration rates and varied clinical effects that were explained by the unequal concentrations used. [2][3][4] To inspect the effect of concentration difference of those fourth-generation quinolones, there was a need to study equal concentrations, which are now commercially available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study Between Topical Gatifloxacin 0.5% and Moxifloxacin 0.5% as a Prophylactic Measure Before Intraocular Surgery

Abdel-Meguid

Gabr

Said

et al. 2019

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Purpose: To compare equal concentrations (0.5%) of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin ophthalmic solutions with regard to conjunctival bacterial reduction as well as anterior chamber penetration. Methods: One hundred patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A received moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution and group B received gatifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution 4 times a day for 3 days before surgery and 5 times with 30 min intervals on the day of surgery. Two conjunctival swabs were obtained: one before instillation of antibiotic and the second 30 min after instillation of the last antibiotic drop. Specimens were sent for culture and susceptibility testing. At the time of surgery, 0.1 mL of aqueous fluid was aspired, and aqueous concentration of fluoroquinolones was identified using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography assay technique. Results: The most common flora isolated was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (32.9%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (24.8%) and Corynebacterium diphtheria (19.1%). Moxifloxacin aqueous concentration was higher compared with gatifloxacin [1.75 -0.98 standard deviation (SD) and 0.75 -0.22 SD, respectively]. This 2.3-fold difference in aqueous humor antibiotic concentrations was statistically significant (P £ 0.001). There was significant difference between the means of conjunctival colony-forming unit after antibiotic administration in both the study groups (2.17 -1.54 SD in group A and 1.56 -1.09 SD in group B). Conclusions: Moxifloxacin 0.5% was found to penetrate anterior chamber more than gatifloxacin 0.5%, enforcing its use for prophylaxis before intraocular surgeries. However, gatifloxacin 0.5% eye drops were able to reduce conjunctival bacterial load, more supporting its use before extraocular and refractive surgeries.

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Intraocular penetration of sequentially instilled topical moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Clinical use of gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

Clinical use of gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution for Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Safety, Efficacy and Patient Perspective

Comparative Study Between Topical Gatifloxacin 0.5% and Moxifloxacin 0.5% as a Prophylactic Measure Before Intraocular Surgery

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