Intracranial and subcortical volumes in adolescents with <scp>early‐onset</scp> psychosis: A multisite <scp>mega‐analysis</scp> from the <scp>ENIGMA</scp> consortium

Gurholt, Tiril P.; Lonning, Vera; Nerland, Stener; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Haukvik, Unn K.; Alloza, Clara; Arango, Celso; Barth, Cláudia; Bearden, Carrie E.; Berk, Michael; Bohman, Hannes; Dandash, Orwa; Díaz‐Caneja, Covadonga M.; Edbom, Carl T.; Erp, Theo G.M. van; Fett, Anne‐Kathrin; Frangou, Sophia; Goldstein, Benjamin I.; Grigorian, Anahit; Jahanshad, Neda; James, Anthony; Janssen, Joost; Johannessen, Cecilie; Karlsgodt, Katherine H.; Kempton, Matthew J.; Kochunov, Peter; Krabbendam, Lydia; Kyriakopoulos, Marinos; Lundberg, Magnus; MacIntosh, Bradley J.; Rund, Bjørn Rishovd; Smelror, Runar; Sultan, Alysha; Tamnes, Christian K.; Thomopoulos, Sophia I; Vajdi, Ariana; Wedervang‐Resell, Kirsten; Myhre, Anne Margrethe; Andreassen, Ole A.; Thompson, Paul M.; Agartz, Ingrid

doi:10.1002/hbm.25212

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Given that intracranial brain volume stabilizes and is maintained in early-to mid-adolescence 72 , it is not illogical to assert that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder. In support of this hypothesis, several reports have demonstrated distinct deficits in hippocampal volume in young patients in mid-to-late adolescence following a first psychotic episode 73,74 . Unfortunately, during this critical juncture of adolescent neurodevelopment, when intracranial brain substructures are still undergoing maturation and development, hippocampal volume does not seem to be restored by antipsychotic drug treatment 74 .…”

Section: Neurogenesis and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In support of this hypothesis, several reports have demonstrated distinct deficits in hippocampal volume in young patients in mid-to-late adolescence following a first psychotic episode 73,74 . Unfortunately, during this critical juncture of adolescent neurodevelopment, when intracranial brain substructures are still undergoing maturation and development, hippocampal volume does not seem to be restored by antipsychotic drug treatment 74 . While the average age of onset of the initial psychosis episode occurs after early adolescence in females (early twenties to early thirties) and males (late teens to late twenties), clinical epidemiological investigations have revealed that psychosis manifestations are often preceded by poor academic performance 75,76 .…”

Section: Neurogenesis and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 75%

“…77 ). Interestingly, observations of intracranial and hippocampal volume deficits in the postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients have given rise to the hypothesis that stressful life events and subsequent psychosis may in fact result in cell death 74 . Supporting this notion, a recent report examined the effects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) deletion in cultured NSCs and found impaired neuronal lineage cell differentiation with concomitant PI3K-Akt-ERK-FOXO1-dependent increases in astroglial differentiation.…”

Section: Neurogenesis and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal regenerative medicine: neurogenic implications for addiction and mental disorders

et al. 2021

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Psychiatric illness is a prevalent and highly debilitating disorder, and more than 50% of the general population in both middle- and high-income countries experience at least one psychiatric disorder at some point in their lives. As we continue to learn how pervasive psychiatric episodes are in society, we must acknowledge that psychiatric disorders are not solely relegated to a small group of predisposed individuals but rather occur in significant portions of all societal groups. Several distinct brain regions have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disease. These brain regions include corticolimbic structures, which regulate executive function and decision making (e.g., the prefrontal cortex), as well as striatal subregions known to control motivated behavior under normal and stressful conditions. Importantly, the corticolimbic neural circuitry includes the hippocampus, a critical brain structure that sends projections to both the cortex and striatum to coordinate learning, memory, and mood. In this review, we will discuss past and recent discoveries of how neurobiological processes in the hippocampus and corticolimbic structures work in concert to control executive function, memory, and mood in the context of mental disorders.

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Section: Neurogenesis and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Neurogenesis and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Neurogenesis and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal regenerative medicine: neurogenic implications for addiction and mental disorders

et al. 2021

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“…Building on earlier work that suggested a "compensatory" effect in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder, de Zwarte et al ( 2020) note the modulating effects of cognitive performance and educational attainment on brain abnormalities in those at familial high risk for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. A related paper by Gurholt et al (2020) examines intracranial and subcortical volumes in adolescents with early-onset psychosis-a severe and often progressive form of the disorder. Recently, ENIGMA working groups have been created to study various conditions on the schizophrenia spectrum-including the first large-scale international studies of schizotypy (Kirschner et al, 2021).…”

Section: Genetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis Consortium: 10 Years of Global Collaborations in Human Brain Mapping

Thompson

Jahanshad

Schmaal

et al. 2021

Human Brain Mapping

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This Special Issue of Human Brain Mapping is dedicated to a 10-year anniversary of the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. It reports updates from a broad range of international neuroimaging projects that pool data from around the world to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience. Since ENIGMA was formed in December 2009, the initiative grew into a worldwide effort with over 2,000 participating scientists from 45 countries, and over 50 working groups leading large-scale studies of human brain disorders. Over the last decade, many lessons were learned on how best to pool brain data from diverse sources. Working groups were created to develop methods to analyze worldwide data from anatomical and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting state and task-based functional MRI, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The quest to understand genetic effects on human brain development and disease also led to analyses of brain scans on an unprecedented scale. Genetic roadmaps of the human cortex were created by researchers worldwide who collaborated to perform statistically wellpowered analyses of common and rare genetic variants on brain measures and rates of brain development and aging. Here, we summarize the 31 papers in this Special Issue, covering: (a) technical approaches to harmonize analysis of different types of brain imaging data, (b) reviews of the last decade of work by several of ENIGMA's clinical and technical working groups, and (c) new empirical papers reporting largescale international brain mapping analyses in patients with substance use disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, epilepsy, and stroke.

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“…To date, there is insufficient knowledge on how brain maturation is linked to the emergence of psychosis and neuroimaging studies on these co-occurring processes are important. While a few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in EOP report grey matter brain abnormalities (11)(12)(13)(14), including a recent multisite mega-analysis from the ENIGMA EOP Working Group (15), less is known about putative white matter alterations. This is a critical research gap, as understanding how white matter microstructure is affected in EOP may provide important insights into the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders during adolescent brain development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo white matter microstructure in adolescents with early-onset psychosis: a multi-site mega-analysis via the ENIGMA Consortium

Barth

Kelly

Nerland

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Emerging evidence suggests brain white matter alterations in adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP; age of onset <18 years). However, as neuroimaging methods vary and sample sizes are modest, results remain inconclusive. Using harmonized data processing protocols and a mega-analytic approach, we compared white matter microstructure in EOP and healthy controls (CTR) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: Our sample included 321 adolescents with EOP (mean age: 16.3 ± 1.4 years, 46.4% females) and 265 adolescent CTR (mean age: 16.0 ± 1.7 years, 57.7% females) pooled from nine sites. All sites extracted mean fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) for 25 white matter regions of interest per participant. ComBat harmonization was performed for all DTI measures to adjust for scanner differences. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to investigate case-control differences and associations with clinical variables in regional DTI measures. Results: We found widespread lower FA in EOP compared to CTR, with the largest effect sizes in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (Cohens d = 0.37), posterior corona radiata (d = 0.32), and superior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (d = 0.31). We also found widespread higher RD and more localized higher MD and AD. We detected significant effects of diagnostic subgroup, sex, and duration of illness, but not medication status. Conclusion: Using the largest EOP DTI sample to date, our findings suggest a profile of widespread white matter microstructure alterations in adolescents with EOP, most prominently in male patients with early-onset schizophrenia and patients with a shorter duration of illness.

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Intracranial and subcortical volumes in adolescents with early‐onset psychosis: A multisite mega‐analysis from the ENIGMA consortium

Cited by 32 publications

References 56 publications

Hippocampal regenerative medicine: neurogenic implications for addiction and mental disorders

Hippocampal regenerative medicine: neurogenic implications for addiction and mental disorders

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis Consortium: 10 Years of Global Collaborations in Human Brain Mapping

In vivo white matter microstructure in adolescents with early-onset psychosis: a multi-site mega-analysis via the ENIGMA Consortium

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