Intracerebroventricular administration of growth hormone induces morphological changes in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in adult rats

Olivares-Hernández, Juan David; García-García, Fabio; Camacho-Ábrego, Israel; Flores, Gonzalo; Juárez-Aguilar, Enrique

doi:10.1002/syn.22030

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Several reports suggest that GH levels reduce with aging (Ashpole, Sanders, Hodges, Yan, & Sonntag, ; Sattler, ). A recent report for our group demonstrated that GH induced an increase in dendritic length in layer 3 of the PFC and CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus (Olivarez‐Hernández et al, ). In addition, cognitive functions decline during aging and several reports have demonstrated an increase in the extracellular levels of glutamate, that in high levels may induce neurotoxicity (Brewer, ; Choi et al, ; Zoia et al, ) and also alter mitochondrial function (Avila et al, ; Choi et al, ; Plaitakis, Zaganas, & Spanaki, ), which results in reduced dendritic length (Jia et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Pregnancies alters spine number in cortical and subcortical limbic brain regions of old rats

Flores-Vivaldo

Camacho-Ábrego

Picazo

et al. 2019

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Pregnancy is a complex process, involving a number of hormones and trophic factors, many of which are formed in the placenta. Several of these trophic factors have an effect at the neuronal level, such as BDNF. Consequently, recent reports have shown that exposure to these hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and trophic factors such as BDNF exert a neuroprotective effect. Here, we study the effect of the number of pregnancies on dendritic morphology of aged female rats (18 months of age). Rats of the 18‐month‐old Sprague Dawley strain with zero, one, two, and three gestations were evaluated for locomotor activity, and Golgi–Cox stain was performed to evaluate the dendritic morphology parameters, the number of dendritic spines, total dendritic length, and branching order number. Adult nulliparous rats (3 months of age) were used as another control group. Adult nulliparous and aging rats with two pregnancies showed an increase in locomotor activity. Adult nulliparous showed an increase in the dendritic spine number compared to old nulliparous rats in both layers of the PFC, the DG, and NAcc. Old rats with two and three pregnancies also showed an increase in the number of dendritic spines compared to old nulliparous rats in layers 3 and 5 of the PFC and in the CA1. Aging animals with one pregnancy also showed an increase in dendritic length compared to old nulliparous rats in the CA1. Our results clearly suggest that two and three pregnancies increase the dendritic spines number in the PFC and CA1 of aged female rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Pregnancies alters spine number in cortical and subcortical limbic brain regions of old rats

Flores-Vivaldo

Camacho-Ábrego

Picazo

et al. 2019

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“…This may indicate that treatment with the hormone has induced an increase in the number of neurons in this area, as we and others have shown in rats [ 10 , 11 ]. Another possibility is that GH has induced the outbreak of dendritic spines and changes in the length and density of pre-existing dendrites in the hippocampus, as has been shown to occur after intracerebroventricular administration of the hormone in adult rats [ 42 ]. If we could have used 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F] fluoro- l -thymidine instead of FDG, we could have detected whether the changes observed in PET-SCAN were due or not to adult neurogenesis, as a study has shown in adult rats [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Devesa¹,

Núñez²,

Agra³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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(1) Background: We analyzed, using PET-SCAN and cognitive tests, how growth hormone (GH) could act in the brain of an older woman, not deficient in GH, who showed mild cognitive alterations (MCI) and had a genotype of ApoE 4/3 and familial dyslipidemia. (2) Methods: After performing a first psychometric study (TAVEC verbal learning test), the metabolic activity of brain structures related to knowledge, memory, and behavior was analyzed using 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose PET-SCAN. The patient was then treated with GH (0.4 mg/day, subcutaneous) for three weeks and on the last day under this treatment, a new PET-SCAN was performed. One month after beginning treatment with GH, a new TAVEC test was performed. (3) Results: GH administration normalized the cognitive deficits observed in the first psychometric test and significantly (p < 0.025) increased the metabolic activity in practically all brain cortical areas, specifically in the left hippocampus and left amygdala, although not in the left parahippocampus. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time the positive effects of GH on cerebral metabolism in a patient without GH deficiency, recovering the function of affected areas related to knowledge, memory, and behavior in an elderly patient with MCI.

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“…The second possibility is that GH induced sprout of dendritic spines and changes in the lenght and density of pre-existing dendrites in the hippocampus, as it has been demonstrated after intracerebroventricular administration of the hormone in adult rats [29]. However, this possibility does not exclude the one indicated above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Growth Hormone (GH) Administration Increases the Metabolic Activity of the left Hippocampus in an Elder Patient with Cognitive Disorders

Devesa¹,

Núñez²,

Agra³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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1) Background: We analyzed, by PET-SCAN, how growth hormone (GH) might act on the brain of a not GH-deficient elder woman who suspected that she was developing Alzheimer's disease; 2) Methods: After performing a first psychometric study (TAVEC verbal learning test), the metabolic activity of brain structures related to cognition, memory and behavior was analyzed by 18-F Fluorodeoxyglucose PET-SCAN. The patient was then treated with GH (0.4 mg/day) during three weeks and the last day under this treatment a new PET-SCAN was carried out. One month after commencing the treatment with GH a new TAVEC test was performed; 3) Results: GH administration normalized the cognitive deficits observed in the first cognitive test and significantly (p < 0.025) increased (Voxel-Based Morphometry) the metabolic activity in the left hippocampus, left amygdala and left parahippocampus, but also in practically all brain cortical areas; 4) Conclusions: This is the first study in which the effects of GH on the brain have been visualized in images. Our data confirm the positive effects of this hormone on cognition and memories; although they do not allow us to conclude whether GH administration may be useful in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, they seem to be promising.

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Intracerebroventricular administration of growth hormone induces morphological changes in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in adult rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Pregnancies alters spine number in cortical and subcortical limbic brain regions of old rats

Pregnancies alters spine number in cortical and subcortical limbic brain regions of old rats

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Growth Hormone (GH) Administration Increases the Metabolic Activity of the left Hippocampus in an Elder Patient with Cognitive Disorders

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