Intracardiac thrombi associated with antiphospholipid antibodies

Cardioverter-defibrillator lead-related thrombus treated with prolonged anticoagulation in patient with prothrombotic disorder

“…Our decision was supported by the fact that the thrombus was fixed to the electrode with low risk of pulmonary embolism. TEE is known to be a very good diagnostic method for lead-related thrombi [6,11]. We demonstrated that TEE could also be used as a therapy-monitoring tool.…”

Devastating intracardiac and aortic thrombosis: a case report of apparent catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome during liver transplantation

“…In the absence of routine testing for aPL, it is impossible to estimate the role of APS in these cases. Even though aPL were implicated in spontaneous intracardiac clot formation in the presence of normal ventricular function [18], EACA is widely used in cardiac surgery, sometimes even in the presence of documented aPL [19]. One possible explanation is that in cardiac surgery the concomitant hemodilution and use of heparin may play a protective role against disseminated thrombus formation secondary to aPL, even if secondary fibrinolysis is inhibited.…”

An intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography-guided maneuver to assist the removal of an intraventricular thrombus

“…Intra-ventricular thrombus formation has been described in settings of cardiomyopathy (both ischemic and nonischemic), and in the presence of normal ventricular function in hypercoagulable states, such as anti-phospholipid syndrome [4]. Thrombi are described by location (apical and aneurysmal), natural history (recent (no organization) or chronic (organized or laminated), size (small, moderately sized, and large), shape (ball-like, protruding, or flat) and mobility [5].…”