Intestinal Inflammation and Parkinson’s Disease

Li, Yu; Chen, Yuanyuan; Jiang, Lili; Zhang, Jingyu; Tong, Xuhui; Chen, Dapeng

doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0418

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Recently increasing evidences show that neuroimaging or neuroinflammatory markers are closely related with the pathological neurodegeneration in PD ( Lian et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ; Anandhan et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Que et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2021b ). These humoral inflammatory or imaging biomarkers may provide valuable information for early identification, differential diagnosis, assessment of severity and even prognosis prediction for PD patients ( Avenali et al, 2020 ; Beheshti et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Associations With Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease

Chang

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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ObjectiveThis study intended to investigate whether retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness could become a potential marker in patients with Parkinson’s disease with cognitive impairment (PD-CI).MethodsFifty-seven PD patients and 45 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in our cross-sectional study and completed optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluations. PD with normal cognition (PD-NC) and cognitive impairment (PD-CI) patients were divided following the 2015 Movement Disorder Society criteria. RNFL thickness was quantified in subfields of the 3.0-mm circle surrounding the optic disk; while a battery of neuropsychiatric assessments was conducted to estimate the Parkinsonism severity. General linear models and one-way ANOVA were adopted to assess RNFL thickness between subgroups with different cognitive statuses; logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the relation between RNFL and PD-CI cases.ResultsCompared with HCs, more thinning of the RNFL was observed in the inferior and temporal sectors in PD patients, especially in the PD-CI group. Inferior RNFL thickness was reduced in PD-CI compared with PD-NC patients. Logistic regression analysis found that inferior RNFL thickness was independently associated with PD-CI cases (odds ratio = 0.923, p = 0.014). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the RNFL-involved combined model provided a high accuracy in screening cognitive deficiency in PD cases (area under the curve = 0.85, p < 0.001).ConclusionReduced RNFL thickness especially in the inferior sector is independently associated with PD-CI patients. Our study present new perspectives into verifying possible indicators for neuropathological processes or disease severity in Parkinsonians with cognitive dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Associations With Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease

Chang

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…We suggest a multidisciplinary collaborative approach and a greater role for neurology and gastroenterology in untangling the mysterious role of the GBA in various neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time, we have learned that other diseases related to the GBA mechanism of PD include SIBO, IBD, appendicitis, and even systemic diseases such as tuberculosis and diabetes ( Chen et al, 2021 ; Dãnãu et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Lv et al, 2022 ). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is very common in PD, and it is hypothesized that the more severe the degree of PD, the more severe the GI motility impairment and the more prone to SIBO ( Fasano et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update to the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Based on the Gut-Brain Axis Mechanism

et al. 2022

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Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms represented by constipation were significant non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and were considered early manifestations and aggravating factors of the disease. This paper reviewed the research progress of the mechanism of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in PD and discussed the roles of α-synuclein, gut microbiota, immune inflammation, neuroendocrine, mitochondrial autophagy, and environmental toxins in the mechanism of the GBA in PD. Treatment of PD based on the GBA theory has also been discussed, including (1) dietary therapy, such as probiotics, vitamin therapy, Mediterranean diet, and low-calorie diet, (2) exercise therapy, (3) drug therapy, including antibiotics; GI peptides; GI motility agents, and (4) fecal flora transplantation can improve the flora. (5) Vagotomy and appendectomy were associated but not recommended.

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“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that LRRK2 is involved in protein synthesis, immune response regulation, inflammation, and other cellular functions [ 32 ]. Increased LRRK2 activity may enhance the sensitivity of gut inflammation and generate systemic inflammation, both of which can lead to the development of PD [ 12 ]. A study reported that CD patients with LRRK2 (p.N2081D and p.G2019S) are more likely to develop PD [ 7 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intestinal dysbiosis and Lewy body formation have been established in PD patients in an increasing number of investigations. In recent years, various digestive illnesses, particularly IBD, have been identified as major risk factors for PD [ 12 ]. IBD, which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic proinflammatory immunological disorder that develops in young adulthood [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration of the Common Gene Characteristics and Molecular Mechanism of Parkinson’s Disease and Crohn’s Disease from Transcriptome Data

et al. 2022

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and the mechanism of its occurrence is still not fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the gut acts as a potential origin of PD pathogenesis. Recent studies have identified that inflammatory bowel disease acts as a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to further explore the molecular mechanism between PD and Crohn’s disease (CD). The gene expression profiles of PD (GSE6613) and CD (GSE119600) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and were identified as the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two diseases. Next, analyses were performed, including functional enrichment analysis, a protein–protein interaction network, core genes identification, and clinical correlation analysis. As a result, 178 common DEGs (113 upregulated genes and 65 downregulated genes) were found between PD and CD. The functional analysis found that they were enriched in regulated exocytosis, immune response, and lipid binding. Twelve essential hub genes including BUB1B, BUB3, DLGAP5, AURKC, CBL, PCNA, RAF1, LYN, RPL39L, MRPL13, RSL24D1, and MRPS11 were identified from the PPI network by using cytoHubba. In addition, inflammatory and metabolic pathways were jointly involved in these two diseases. After verifying expression levels in an independent dataset (GSE99039), a correlation analysis with clinical features showed that LYN and RAF1 genes were associated with the severity of PD. In conclusion, our study revealed the common pathogenesis of PD and CD. These common pathways and hub genes may provide novel insights for mechanism research.

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Intestinal Inflammation and Parkinson’s Disease

Cited by 41 publications

References 176 publications

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Associations With Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Associations With Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease

Update to the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Based on the Gut-Brain Axis Mechanism

Exploration of the Common Gene Characteristics and Molecular Mechanism of Parkinson’s Disease and Crohn’s Disease from Transcriptome Data

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