Intestinal Cytokine Response of Commercial Source Broiler Chicks to Salmonella Typhimurium Infection

Abstract

Development of molecular-based immunotherapeutic strategies for controlling Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection in poultry requires a better understanding of intestinal and cecal cytokine responses. Accordingly, an experiment was conducted to measure changes in intestinal cytokine expression when commercial source broiler chickens were challenged with a nalidixic acid-resistant ST. Ross broiler chicks were nonchallenged with ST (control treatment) or challenged by orally giving 7.8 x 10(6) cfu at 4 d of age (STC treatment). Each treatment consisted of 4 replicate pens with 14 chicks per pen. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, interferon-gamma, and antiinflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 were determined at 5 and 10 d postchallenge (PC). Intestinal flushes were also collected from each treatment at 7 d PC to estimate IgA and IgG. Results showed an upregulation in IL-1beta mRNA in STC chicks at 5 d PC. By 10 d PC, the expression of IL-1beta was further increased and accompanied by an upregulation of IL-6 and interferon-gamma mRNA, whereas IL-10 mRNA expression decreased. It was concluded that ST induced an intestinal mucosal inflammatory response in commercial source broiler chicks less than 2 wk of age.

Flagellin from Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals a Fundamental Role in Chicken Innate Immunity

“…Moreover, the same study found that S. Typhimurium infection results in a pronounced heterophil influx to the cecal lamina propria and liver. It has also been shown that IL-1␤ mRNA was upregulated in the cecum at day 5 after oral infection with S. Typhimurium (13). In both organs the expression of the chemokine CXCLi2 along with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1␤ is indicative of an early inflammatory response (51).…”

“…Alternatively, induction may also be a result of the release of bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, or flagellin, from the cecum into the circulatory system, followed by filtering through the hepatic portal system or clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (15,44). In chickens, the innate immune response to S. Typhimurium infections is induced by the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1, IFN-␥, IL-6, TGF-␤4, and CXCLi2, in in vitro and in vivo models (7,13,52). However, these studies mainly used WT strains for their analyses, despite the fact that induction of the innate immune response may be needed to protect chickens before the induction of the specific immune response (52).…”

Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry

“…For instance, there are marked changes in the expression of cytokines in response to ST infection in chickens with increased expression of the following: IL-1 beta in the jejunum, ileum and caeca; IL-6 in the jejunum and ileum and IFNγ in the ileum (Fasina et al, 2008). Moreover, there is increased expression of cytokines -IL-1beta, IL-8 and K203 in the intestine of newly hatched chicks in the presence of feed and bacteria (Bar-Shira and Fridman, 2006).…”

Molecular cloning, characterization and mRNA expression of duck interleukin-17F

“…colonize most specifically the ceca and cecal tonsils (Crhanova et al, 2011) and S. Typhimurium infection induces proinflammatory cytokines IL-1␤ and IL-6 in the intestinal tissues of chickens (Fasina et al, 2008). We therefore monitored duIL-17A and duIL-17F transcript levels in the cecal tonsil of Salmonella-infected ducks.…”