Intestinal bacterial metabolism and anti-complement activities of three major components of the seeds of Entada phaseoloides

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the metabolism of Entadae Semen by human fecal bacteria to clarify the relationship between its pharmacological activities and intestinal metabolism. Three major components (phaseoloidin, entadamide A-β-D-glucopyranoside and entadamide A) were isolated and identified from Entadae Semen and then incubated with human fecal microflora in vitro to investigate the metabolic processes. The metabolites were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-complement activities of the three components and their metabolites produced by human fecal microflora were evaluated in vitro using a hemolysis assay. Phaseoloidin and entadamide A-β-D-glucopyranoside were metabolized into their respective aglycones during the incubation process, which enhanced their anti-complement effects. These results indicated that the presence of intestinal bacteria likely plays an important role and that the pharmacological effects of Entadae Semen may be dependent on intestinal bacterial metabolism.

Fcγand Complement Receptors and Complement Proteins in Neutrophil Activation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Contribution to Pathogenesis and Progression and Modulation by Natural Products

“…On the other hand, the tiliroside hydrolysis products—kaempferol, astragalin, and p -coumaric acid—do not exert significant anticomplement activity [ 168 ]. In contrast, entadamide A and homogentisic acid, isolated from Entada phaseoloides seed, inhibit the hemolytic activity of the complement system more effectively than their glycosylated parent compounds entadamide A- β -D-glucopyranoside and homogentisic acid 2- O - β -D-glucopyranoside (phaseoloidin), respectively [ 172 ].…”

Characterization of diterpene metabolism in rats with ingestion of seed products from Euphorbia lathyris L. (Semen Euphorbiae and Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum) using UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive MS

“…Although it is known that the chemical components in SE and SEP are absorbed across the intestinal barrier and rapidly removed by metabolic conversion, their metabolic products in vivo have not been fully characterized (Wang et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2021). Now, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS) has become a routine technique for the detection and analysis of metabolites, especially for the identification of metabolites in a biological system or in complex samples (Chang et al, 2021;Feng et al, 2021;Lin et al, 2021;Xing et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2021). To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the pharmacokinetics of SE and SEP using UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS.…”

“…Now, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐Exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive MS) has become a routine technique for the detection and analysis of metabolites, especially for the identification of metabolites in a biological system or in complex samples (Chang et al, 2021; Feng et al, 2021; Lin et al, 2021; Xing et al, 2014; Zhao et al, 2021). To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the pharmacokinetics of SE and SEP using UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive MS.…”