Interventions in Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization

Abstract

Since its inception in 1929, cardiac catheterization has undergone many changes. In the last two decades we have seen an evolution in cardiac catheterization from a diagnostic (anatomic and physiologic) to a therapeutic modality. This article highlights some of the more common and newer interventional procedures now performed.

Pediatric Cardiac Interventions

“…Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was initially described in children by Kan et al (44). The success rates are excellent for children with classical PS; however, for patients with dysplastic valves or with supravalvular and or subvalvular PS, the success rate is low (7).…”

“…In 1974, King and Mills (6) performed the first successful transcatheter closure of a secundum ASD. After that, a number of different devices were developed with variable degrees of success (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). The currently approved devices by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical use are the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (AGA Medical, Plymouth, Minnesota), and the Helex septal occluder (W. L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, Arizona).…”

Therapeutic Utilities of Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization

“…Newborns with pulmonary atresia are also candidates, and so are patients with tetralogy of Fallot, mostly for palliative reasons before surgery [ 56 - 59 ]. Dysplastic valves, subvalvular and supravalvular stenosis have lower success rate than typical stenosis [ 60 , 61 ], though some teams yielded favorable results with dysplastic valves [ 62 , 63 ]. Widely recommended balloon size has 120-140% the annular diameter [ 64 ], although Rao [ 55 ] suggests the lowest size range (120-125%), since it ensures lower chances for postoperative pulmonary regurgitation.…”