Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome

McMillan, Roddy; Forssell, Heli; Buchanan, John; Glenny, Anne‐Marie; Weldon, Jo C; Zakrzewska, Joanna M

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002779.pub3

Cited by 107 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Two of three studies showed unsatisfactory effects (Sardella et al., ; Tammiala‐Salonen & Forssell, ), and none of the included studies evaluated symptom relief in the long term; in other words, more studies are needed. Similar findings were also obtained in a specific systematic review of intervention options for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome, in which the interventions were categorized as antidepressants and antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, cholinergics, dietary supplements, electromagnetic radiation, physical barriers, psychological therapies and topical treatments (McMillan et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Use of antidepressants in dentistry: A systematic review

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Use of antidepressants in dentistry: A systematic review

et al. 2017

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“…Participants experienced several adverse events in the treatment initiation but after a while they tolerated it. BMS treatment remains controversial [25] yet there is little evidence that topical clonazepam helps [16]. Indeed all patients reported immediate pain improvement after clonazepam oral solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory burning mouth syndrome: clinical and paraclinical evaluation, comorbidities, treatment and outcome

2017

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BackgroundBurning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent intraoral burning without related objective findings and unknown etiology that affects elderly females mostly. There is no satisfactory treatment for BMS. We aimed to observe the long-term efficacy of high velanfaxine doses combined with systemic and topical administered clonazepam in a particular subgroup of BMS patients who do not respond to current clinical management.ResultsEight (66.1 ± 6.2 years old females) out of 14 BMS patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were treated with venlafaxine (300 mg/d) and clonazepam (5 mg/d) for 35.4 ± 12.1 (mean ± SD) months. The average duration of the symptoms at baseline was 4.3 ± 1.4 years and the overall mean daily pain intensity score was 8.6 ± 1.3 (VAS); pain was in tongue and within the oral mucosa, accompanying by oral and facial dysesthesia. In five patients tasting was abnormal. All patients had positive history of concomitant primary headache. The average score of Hamilton Rating scale for Anxiety and Depression was 21 ± 4.2, and 26.1 ± 2.9, respectively. Previous ineffective treatments include anticonvulsants and anti-depressants. All patients responded (more than 50% decrease in VAS) after three months treatment (mean VAS 3.2 ± 2.2) with no remarkable adverse events.ConclusionBMS deserves bottomless psychiatric evaluation and management when current available treatments fail. Treatment with venlafaxine combined with topical and systemic clonazepam may be effective in refractory BMS cases but further investigation in a large-scale controlled study is needed to confirm these results.

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“…These diseases are idiopathic and tend to be treatment resistant. To make matters worse, persistent pain is associated with psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety (McMillan et al, ; Melis et al, ). The prevalence of BMS is reportedly 0.7–15% and disproportionately affects postmenopausal women (McMillan et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make matters worse, persistent pain is associated with psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety (McMillan et al, ; Melis et al, ). The prevalence of BMS is reportedly 0.7–15% and disproportionately affects postmenopausal women (McMillan et al, ). AO develops in 3–6% of patients who undergo root canal treatments and most commonly affects females 40 years of age or older (Melis et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of antidepressant treatment on plasma levels of neuroinflammation‐associated molecules in patients with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain around the orofacial region

Miyauchi

Tokura

Kimura

et al. 2019

Human Psychopharmacology

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Objective Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and atypical odontalgia (AO) are examples of somatic symptom disorders with predominant pain around the orofacial region. Neuroinflammation is thought to play a role in the mechanisms, but few studies have been conducted. We aimed to better understand the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology and treatment of BMS/AO. Methods Plasma levels of 28 neuroinflammation‐related molecules were determined in 44 controls and 48 BMS/AO patients both pretreatment and 12‐week post‐treatment with duloxetine. Results Baseline plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β (p < .0001), IL‐1 receptor antagonist (p < .001), IL‐6 (p < .0001), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β (p < .0001), and platelet‐derived growth factor‐bb (.04) were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Plasma levels of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p < .001) and decreased with treatment (.009). Plasma levels of eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased significantly with treatment (p < .001, .022, and .029, respectively). Conclusions Inflammatory mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology and/or treatment response of somatic symptom disorders with predominant pain around the orofacial region.

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Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome

Cited by 107 publications

References 94 publications

Use of antidepressants in dentistry: A systematic review

Use of antidepressants in dentistry: A systematic review

Refractory burning mouth syndrome: clinical and paraclinical evaluation, comorbidities, treatment and outcome

Effect of antidepressant treatment on plasma levels of neuroinflammation‐associated molecules in patients with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain around the orofacial region

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