Interspecific somatic hybrids Solanum villosum (+) S. tuberosum, resistant to Phytophthora infestans

Abstract

The interspecific somatic hybrids 4x S. villosum (+) 2x S. tuberosum clone DG 81-68 (VT hybrids) were obtained and characterized molecularly and cytogenetically. The morphology of fusion-derived plants was intermediate in relation to the parental species. The expected ploidy level of the regenerants was 6x for the VT hybrids, but the real ploidy of the hybrids varied, with some of them being euploids, and others - aneuploids. The hybridity of the regenerants was verified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Despite the variation in ploidy, the RAPD patterns of the hybrids were mostly uniform, suggesting similarity of the genotypes of the VT clones. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis discriminated between the chromosomes of both parental genomes in VT somatic hybrids and also confirmed their hybridity. The resistance of VT somatic hybrids to Phytophthora infestans was evaluated and all of the hybrids proved to be highly resistant. In search of the mechanisms involved in resistance of the Solanum species to P. infestans, the biochemical reactions occurring early after elicitor treatment were studied. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as one of the earliest reactions induced by pathogens or their elicitors, was examined in the resistant wild species S. villosum, susceptible S. tuberosum clone DG 81-68 and in the VT hybrid, resistant to P. infestans. After treatment of the leaves with elicitor, the relative increase in ROS production was higher in leaves of the susceptible potato clone than in the resistant plants of S. villosum and the somatic hybrid.

Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Fungicide Application on the Secondary Metabolism of Solanum tuberosum Leaves

“…In potato crops, the soil microorganism Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive diseases [ 17 ], in which the damage caused is extensive due to difficulties in controlling the spread of the disease. The use of chemical fungicides to reduce to P. infestans can provide some level of disease control [ 18 ]. Multiple fungicides can be used for this control.…”

Genetic composition of interspecific potato somatic hybrids and autofused 4x plants evaluated by DArT and cytoplasmic DNA markers

“…Thus, the application of traditional cytogenetic analyses of metaphase chromosomes in potato, which relies on chromosome differentiation using techniques such as genome in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or GISH combined with FISH is quite difficult (Srebniak et al 2002; Iovene et al 2007). Based on these techniques, it has been possible to assess the genome composition of Solanum villosum (+) tbr (Tarwacka et al 2013) and to detect the loss of chromosomes of Solanum brevidens (+) tbr (Gavrilenko et al 2002) or alterations in the chromosomal structure of S. bulbocastanum (+) tbr (Iovene et al 2007). …”

Tissue Culture Techniques for the Production of Interspecific Hybrids in Poland: History and Achievements

“…In Poland, resistance to Phytophthora infestans was transferred into cultivated potatoes from the wild potato species Solanum nigrum L. (Szczerbakowa, Bołtowicz, & Wielgat, 2003;Zimnoch-Guzowska et al, 2003), Solanum villosum Mill. (Tarwacka et al, 2013), and two of the most frequently used species, namely Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal (Szczerbakowa et al, 2005) and Solanum bulbocastanum Dunal (Bołtowicz et al, 2005;Szczerbakowa, Maciejewska, et al, 2003). Another promising source of resistance to late blight is Solanum ×michoacanum (Bitter.)…”