Interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 behaviour on different substrates and denaturation of virions using ethanol: an atomic force microscopy study

Çelik, Ümit; Celik, Kubra; Çelik, Süleyman Utku; Hasan, Asif; Can-Şahna, Kezban; Tonbak, Şükrü; Toraman, Zülal Aşçı; Oral, Ahmet

doi:10.1039/d0ra09083b

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Atomic force microscopy is a unique technique that enables imaging of biological samples in their native liquid environment at the molecular scale. This technique has been widely used for virus imaging 16 , 17 , including recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 in liquid 18 and in air 19 . In AFM, the sample does not require to be fixed, coated, or stained, which allowed us to image at high resolution, in 3D, native and inactivated hydrated viral particles in buffer, without any further treatment of the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy analysis of native infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions

Lyonnais

Hénaut

Neyret

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, single viruses were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating directly in a level 3 biosafety (BSL3) facility, which appeared as a fast and powerful method to assess at the nanoscale level and in 3D infectious virus morphology in its native conformation, or upon inactivation treatments. AFM imaging reveals structurally intact infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 upon low concentration of formaldehyde treatment. This protocol combining AFM and plaque assays allows the preparation of intact inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles for safe use of samples out of level 3 laboratory to accelerate researches against the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, we illustrate how adapted BSL3-AFM is a remarkable toolbox for rapid and direct virus analysis based on nanoscale morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy analysis of native infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions

Lyonnais

Hénaut

Neyret

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…After checking TGEV’s mechanical stability, we investigated the chemical resistance of virions to two biocidal agents that are commonly used for hygiene and disinfection: detergents and ethanol. Ethanol has been proven to be virucidal [ 57 ] and is one of the main components in many hydrogels currently used in daily sanitizers to prevent SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces [ 58 ]. Similarly, detergents are recommended by the WHO as an effective tool against CoV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate TGEV Individual Virions Structure Survival under Harsh Physicochemical Environments

Cantero

Carlero

Chichón

et al. 2022

Cells

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Effective airborne transmission of coronaviruses via liquid microdroplets requires a virion structure that must withstand harsh environmental conditions. Due to the demanding biosafety requirements for the study of human respiratory viruses, it is important to develop surrogate models to facilitate their investigation. Here we explore the mechanical properties and nanostructure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) virions in liquid milieu and their response to different chemical agents commonly used as biocides. Our data provide two-fold results on virus stability: First, while particles with larger size and lower packing fraction kept their morphology intact after successive mechanical aggressions, smaller viruses with higher packing fraction showed conspicuous evidence of structural damage and content release. Second, monitoring the structure of single TGEV particles in the presence of detergent and alcohol in real time revealed the stages of gradual degradation of the virus structure in situ. These data suggest that detergent is three orders of magnitude more efficient than alcohol in destabilizing TGEV virus particles, paving the way for optimizing hygienic protocols for viruses with similar structure, such as SARS-CoV-2.

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“…It should be noted that viral aggregates may be present in the inoculum used for testing in this study. Viral aggregation occurs because of environmental or surface changes (Celik et al, 2020; Gerba & Betancourt, 2017b), presence of matrix (e.g. simulated saliva) components (Fedorenko et al, 2020) or simply by spontaneous formation (Gerba & Betancourt, 2017b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual antimicrobial coating efficacy against SARS-CoV-2

Hardison

Ryan

Limmer

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims This study evaluated the residual efficacy of commercially available antimicrobial coatings or films against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) on non‐porous surfaces. Methods and Results Products were applied to stainless steel or ABS plastic coupons and dried overnight. Coupons were inoculated with SARS‐CoV‐2 in the presence of 5% soil load. Recovered infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 was quantified by TCID50 assay. Tested product efficacies ranged from <1.0 to >3.0 log10 reduction at a 2‐h contact time. The log10 reduction in recovered infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 ranged from 0.44 to 3 log10 reduction on stainless steel and 0.25 to >1.67 log10 on ABS plastic. The most effective products tested contained varying concentrations (0.5%–1.3%) of the same active ingredient: 3‐(trihydroxysilyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride. Products formulated with other quaternary ammonium compounds were less effective against SARS‐CoV‐2 in this test. Conclusions The residual antimicrobial products tested showed varied effectiveness against SARS‐CoV‐2 as a function of product tested. Several products were identified as efficacious against SARS‐CoV‐2 on both stainless steel and ABS plastic surfaces under the conditions evaluated. Differences in observed efficacy may be due to variation in active ingredient formulation; efficacy is, therefore, difficult to predict based upon listed active ingredient and its concentration. Significance and Impact This study highlights the formulation‐specific efficacy of several products against SARS‐CoV‐2 and may inform future development of residual antiviral products for use on non‐porous surfaces. The identification of antimicrobial coatings or films showing promise to inactivate SARS‐CoV‐2 suggests that these products may be worth future testing and consideration.

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Interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 behaviour on different substrates and denaturation of virions using ethanol: an atomic force microscopy study

Abstract: We studied the density and aggregation behavior of virions on TCPS and glass substrates, surface functionality, coffee ring effect on both surfaces and the effect of ethanol-based disinfectant on the virion structure using atomic force microscopy.

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Atomic force microscopy analysis of native infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions

Atomic force microscopy analysis of native infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate TGEV Individual Virions Structure Survival under Harsh Physicochemical Environments

Residual antimicrobial coating efficacy against SARS-CoV-2

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