Internet gaming disorder in Lebanon: Relationships with age, sleep habits, and academic achievement

Abstract

Background and aimsThe latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders included Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a disorder that needs further research among different general populations. In line with this recommendation, the primary objective of this was to explore the relationships between IGD, sleep habits, and academic achievement in Lebanese adolescents.MethodsLebanese high-school students (N = 524, 47.9% males) participated in a paper survey that included the Internet Gaming Disorder Test and demographic information. The sample’s mean average age was 16.2 years (SD = 1.0).ResultsThe pooled prevalence of IGD was 9.2% in the sample. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that IGD was associated with being younger, lesser sleep, and lower academic achievement. While more casual online gamers also played offline, all the gamers with IGD reported playing online only. Those with IGD slept significantly less hours per night (5 hr) compared with casual online gamers (7 hr). The school grade average of gamers with IGD was the lowest among all groups of gamers, and below the passing school grade average.ConclusionsThese findings shed light on sleep disturbances and poor academic achievement in relation to Lebanese adolescents identified with IGD. Students who are not performing well at schools should be monitored for their IGD when assessing the different factors behind their low academic performance.

Sleep problems in excessive technology use among adolescent: a systemic review and meta-analysis

“…Included studies were conducted in Europe (n = 9) (Arora et al, 2012;Arora et al, 2013;Arora et al, 2014;Bruni et al, 2015;Hysing et al, 2015;Van den Bulck, 2004;Lemola et al, 2014;Nuutinen et al, 2014;Punama-ki et al, 2006), East Asia (n = 10) Cheung & Wong, 2011;Choi et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2017;Mak et al, 2014;Park, 2014;Park & Lee, 2017;Tan et al, 2016;Tamura et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2018), and West Asia (n = 4) (Fatih et al, 2013;Shochat et al, 2010;Sami et al, 2018;Hawi et al, 2018). Eight studies assessed the sleep duration of ETU and no excessive technology use (Arora et al, 2013;Arora et al, 2014;Fatih et al, 2013;Cheung & Wong, 2011;Choi et al, 2009;Lemola et al, 2014;Shochat et al, 2010;Hawi et al, 2018).…”

“…Eight studies assessed the sleep duration of ETU and no excessive technology use (Arora et al, 2013;Arora et al, 2014;Fatih et al, 2013;Cheung & Wong, 2011;Choi et al, 2009;Lemola et al, 2014;Shochat et al, 2010;Hawi et al, 2018). Three studies assessed the sleep onset latency (Arora et al, 2014;Cheung & Wong, 2011;Shochat et al, 2010).…”

“…There were data from 22 studies Arora et al, 2012;Arora et al, 2014;Bruni et al, 2015;Fatih et al, 2013;Cheung & Wong, 2011;Choi et al, 2009;Hysing et al, 2015;Van den Bulck, 2004;Lemola et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2017;Mak et al, 2014;Nuutinen et al, 2014;Park, 2014;Park & Lee, 2017;Punama-ki et al, 2006;Shochat et al, 2010;Tan et al, 2016;Sami et al, 2018;Tamura et al, 2017;Hawi et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2018) that investigated association between the technology use and sleep problems (Fig. 4), including poor sleep quality Arora et al, 2012;Bruni et al, 2015;Hysing et al, 2015;Lemola et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2017;Mak et al, 2014;Sami et al, 2018;Hawi et al, 2018), early awakenings (Arora et al, 2014;Fatih et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2009;Shochat et al, 2010), difficulty falling asleep (Arora et al, 2014;Fatih et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2009;Shochat et al, 2010), night awakenings (Arora et al, 2014;Fatih et al, 2013;…”

“…4), including poor sleep quality Arora et al, 2012;Bruni et al, 2015;Hysing et al, 2015;Lemola et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2017;Mak et al, 2014;Sami et al, 2018;Hawi et al, 2018), early awakenings (Arora et al, 2014;Fatih et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2009;Shochat et al, 2010), difficulty falling asleep (Arora et al, 2014;Fatih et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2009;Shochat et al, 2010), night awakenings (Arora et al, 2014;Fatih et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2009), less sleep quantity ( Van den Bulck, 2004;Nuutinen et al, 2014;Park, 2014;Park & Lee, 2017;Punama-ki et al, 2006;Shochat et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2018) and insomnia (Cheung & Wong, 2011;Tan et al, 2016;Tamura et al, 2017). Three subgroups were classified by country.…”

Insomnia and problematic gaming: a study in 9 low-and middle-incomes countries

“…Similar evidence was reported for the use of online social networking sites and Massively Multiplayer Online games (MMOs) 12,33 . Although research in the area of Gaming Disorder is progressing 34 , few studies have explored the association between gaming behavior and sleep disorders [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] . Considering the impact of light, a stressful environment and visual stimulation on sleep mechanisms and the risk excessive use of gaming may pose for sleep and psychopathology, it may be hypothesised that gaming decreases sleep quality and increases sleep disorders and psychopathological symptoms.…”