Internationalisation of R&amp;D and embeddedness: the case of Austria

Gassler, Helmut; Nones, Brigitte

doi:10.1007/s10961-007-9048-9

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The existing studies either focus on analysis at the enterprise level [15, 16] or present research at the industry level [17, 18] or apply case studies at the country level [19, 20]. Developed countries are the main research objects [21, 22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Collaboration Patterns and Effecting Factors of Emerging Technologies

Liu

2016

PLoS ONE

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With the globalization of the world economy, international innovation collaboration has taken place all over the world. This study selects three emerging technologies (3D printing, big data and carbon nanotubes and graphene technology) among 20 countries as the research objects, using three patent-based indicators and network relationship analysis to reflect international collaboration patterns. Then we integrate empirical analyses to show effecting factors of international collaboration degrees by using panel data. The results indicate that while 3D printing technology is associated with a “balanced collaboration” mode, big data technology is more accurately described by a radial pattern, centered on the United States, and carbon nanotubes and graphene technology exhibits “small-world” characteristics in this respect. It also shows that the factors GDP per capita (GPC), R&D expenditure (RDE) and the export of global trade value (ETV) negatively affect the level of international collaboration. It could be useful for China and other developing countries to make international scientific and technological collaboration strategies and policies in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Collaboration Patterns and Effecting Factors of Emerging Technologies

Liu

2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Moreover, the existing studies are either based on firm level analysis (Boutellier, Gassmann, & Zedtwitz, 2008;Florida, 1997;Gulbrandsen & Godoe, 2008;Kuemmerle, 1999) or provide case study analysis at a country level (Gassler & Nones, 2008;Pittiglio, Sica, & Villa, 2009). In addition, the available studies focus on developed countries (Niosi, Manseau, & Godin, 2000) and, with some exceptions (Schmiele, 2011), ignore the emergence of the developing countries as a location of inventive activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global technological collaboration network: network analysis of international co-inventions

Prato

Nepelski

2012

J Technol Transf

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Global innovation networks are emerging as a result of the international division of innovation processes through, among others, international technological collaborations. At the aggregate level, the creation of technological collaboration between countries can be considered as mutually beneficial (or detrimental) and their random distribution is unlikely. Consequently, the dynamics and evolution of the technological collaborations can be expected to fulfil the criteria of a complex network. To study the structure and evolution of the global technological collaboration network, we use patent-based data of international co-inventions and apply the network analysis. In addition, extending the gravity model of international technological collaboration by measures controlling for countries position in the network, we show that that a country's position in the network has very strong impact on the intensity of collaboration with other members of the network.

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“…greenfield investment) and 0 if the subsidiary was the result of an acquisition or joint venture. Gassler and Nones (2008) show that location-specific factors, such as the geographic and cultural distance between the parent and the host country, also influence the costs of R&D. A common language and physical proximity are likely to be associated with similar public science norms and easier adaptability of the local workforce to the corporate culture of the MNE. We include variables for Geographic Distance: following Monteiro, Arvidsson, and Birkinshaw (2008), this variable is calculated based on the natural logarithm of the geographic distance between the parent country and the lab's host location.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Local, global, and internal knowledge sourcing: The trilemma of foreign-based R&D subsidiaries

Athreye

Batsakis

Singh

2016

Journal of Business Research

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Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) develop and sell their products and services in a global market, but also have the ability to source knowledge from local, global and intra-MNE networks. We argue that sourcing knowledge from each of the three networks is contingent upon factors, such as the strategic choice made by the headquarters about the role of the research and development (R&D) subsidiary, the scientific richness of the host location, and the institutional (i.e. IPR -Intellectual Property Rights) distance between the home and host locations. We test our hypotheses on a dataset of 89 foreign-based R&D subsidiaries of Fortune 500 MNEs.Our results indicate that R&D subsidiaries with support lab mandates are less likely to use host and internal (intra-MNE) sources of knowledge and more likely to use the home location's sources of knowledge. Internationally independent labs are less likely to source knowledge from internal networks. Our findings show also that the scientific capability and availability of a technically skilled workforce in the host location is associated with the R&D subsidiary's use of local, rather than internal 2 knowledge sources. Finally, we find that weak IPR spurs the use of local knowledge sources, suggesting a role for technological spillovers.

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Internationalisation of R&D and embeddedness: the case of Austria

Abstract: MNE, Internationalisation of R&D, Embeddedness, National innovation system (NIS), F2, O3,

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

International Collaboration Patterns and Effecting Factors of Emerging Technologies

International Collaboration Patterns and Effecting Factors of Emerging Technologies

Global technological collaboration network: network analysis of international co-inventions

Local, global, and internal knowledge sourcing: The trilemma of foreign-based R&D subsidiaries

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