Internalized Misogyny as a Moderator of the Link between Sexist Events and Women’s Psychological Distress

Szymanski, Dawn M.; Gupta, Abha R.; Carr, Erika; Stewart, Destin N.

doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9611-y

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A phase of strong identification may help minorities to overcome internalized stereotypes (Cass 1979). Similar results are to be expected for race (Speight 2007), class (Russell 1996), and gender (Szymanski et al 2009). Finally, intersections of discrimination regarding people with different configurations of belonging to disadvantaged groups need to be taken into account (Weber 1998).…”

Section: The Bright Side Of Identitysupporting

confidence: 66%

Strong identities and endorsement of human rights: Conflictive or complementary?

Ziemes

Abs

2017

SAJHE

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In higher education, students are exposed to people with diverse backgrounds and opinions and frequently are challenged to participate in scientific discussions on controversial issues. The article discusses the implications of two theoretical approaches within psychology for the meaning of identity in dealing with diversity. Social and developmental psychologists have opposing views on identity: While the former claim that a strong sense of identity leads to competition for resources, to intolerance, to the devaluation of outgroups and, finally, to conflict, the latter argue that a weak sense of identity leads to totalitarian ideologies and intolerance towards deviating beliefs. We review literature on the implications and effects deriving from social and developmental psychology and integrate them in a model which explains how building a strong sense of identity can promote tolerance and the endorsement of human rights. In particular, we explore the importance of tolerance defined as acting towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood because the devaluation of the 'other' often is seen as the first step towards violence.

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Section: The Bright Side Of Identitysupporting

confidence: 66%

Strong identities and endorsement of human rights: Conflictive or complementary?

Ziemes

Abs

2017

SAJHE

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“…Although research on internalized misogyny is still developing, some studies have assessed out comes associated with women's internalization of sexist beliefs. Szymanski, Gupta, Carr, and Stewart (2009) examined relationships between sexist events and psychological distress in a sample of college women. Internalized misogyny moderated, and "intensified" (p. 101), the relationship between sexism and distress.…”

Section: Psychosocial Correlates Of Sexismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Effects of Exercise on Frustration-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats

Taylor¹,

Ficzere²,

Louis³

et al. 2019

PsiChiJournal

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“…However, inequalities and sexism persist in today’s society, often taking subtle forms that are not readily or publicly acknowledged [8]. While in a few cases, women speak out publicly about sexual discrimination and harassment [6, 7, 9], many others may be reluctant to come forward, instead internalizing negative responses to unfair treatment, especially in situations with large power differentials [10, 11]. Such internalizing coping strategies may lead to behaviors that have important health consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender discrimination, educational attainment, and illicit drug use among U.S. women

Carliner

Sarvet²,

Gordon

et al. 2016

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose While gender inequality has been a topic of concern for decades, little is known about the relationship between gender discrimination and illicit drug use. Further, whether this association varies by education level is unknown. Methods Among 19,209 women participants in Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2004–2005), we used logistic regression to test the association between gender discrimination (measured with four items from the Experiences of Discrimination instrument) and three outcomes: past-year illicit drug use, frequent drug use, and drug use disorders. We then tested whether associations differed by education level. Results Gender discrimination was reported by 9% of women and was associated with past-year drug use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.17–3.29), frequent drug use (aOR=2.82; CI=1.99–4.00), and past year drug use disorders (aOR=3.15; CI=2.16–4.61). All specific domains of gender discrimination (on the job, in public, with institutions, being called a sexist name) were associated with all drug use outcomes. The association between gender discrimination and past-year drug use was stronger among women with less than a high school education (aOR=6.33; CI=3.38–11.85) compared to those with more education (aOR=2.45; CI=1.97–3.04; pinteraction<0.01). Conclusions Gender discrimination is consistently and strongly associated with illicit drug use and drug use disorders among U.S. women, with significantly higher odds for drug use among women with less than a high school education. Future research should examine whether explicitly addressing distress from discrimination could benefit women in drug treatment, especially among clients with lower educational attainment.

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Internalized Misogyny as a Moderator of the Link between Sexist Events and Women’s Psychological Distress

Cited by 64 publications

References 44 publications

Strong identities and endorsement of human rights: Conflictive or complementary?

Strong identities and endorsement of human rights: Conflictive or complementary?

Examining the Effects of Exercise on Frustration-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats

Gender discrimination, educational attainment, and illicit drug use among U.S. women

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