Internal Stresses In Functional Chromium Electrodeposits

Abstract

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The internal stresses in thin chromium electrodeposits plated in an additive-free and three solutions containing different additives were determined. The stress-measuring device consisted of an electrobalance which applied a force to prevent the bending due to the stress of a copper or steel strip plated on only one side. The graphs of the force applied by the electrobalance vs deposit thickness showed four distinct regions: (1) compression to a thickness of 5 nm, (2) rapidly increasing tension to 50 nm followed by slight decrease in tension to 60 nm, (3) rapid decrease in tension between 250 and 300 nm and (4) decrease in tension to zero or small compression after 400-600 nm. The tensile stresses were probably caused by hydrogen diffusion out of the surface layer and crystallite coalescence. The tensile stresses were relieved when the deposits cracked. It was found that the deposits with the lowest tensile stresses had the highest degree of preferred orientation and vice versa. The additives affected crystallite coalescence and thereby the stress.</div>

Study of Nd:YAG laser annealing of electroless Ni–P film on spiegel-iron plate by Taguchi method and grey system theory

“…Osaka et al [6] confirmed that the saturation magnetization and the reciprocal of resistivity of electroless Ni-P films are proportional to the amount of the residual Ni, which means the surplus Ni after Ni-P formation, after sufficient heat treatment. It was found that increasing the phosphorus content would change the structure from crystalline to amorphous and decrease the thermal stability of electroless Ni-P film [7]. It was shown that high hardness can be obtained when phosphorus content and heat treatment are proper and this technology can be used in repairing and manufacturing moulds.…”

Study of Nd:YAG laser annealing of electroless Ni–P film on spiegel-iron plate by Taguchi method and grey system theory

“…Osaka et al [6] confirmed that the saturation magnetization and the reciprocal of resistivity of electroless Ni-P films are proportional to the amount of the residual Ni, which means the surplus Ni after Ni-P formation, after sufficient heat treatment. It was found that increasing the phosphorus content would change the structure from crystalline to amorphous and decrease the thermal stability of electroless Ni-P film [7]. It was shown that high hardness can be obtained when phosphorus content and heat treatment are proper and this technology can be used in repairing and manufacturing moulds.…”

Study of Nd:YAG laser annealing of electroless Ni–P film on spiegel-iron plate by Taguchi method and grey system theory

“…Osaka et al [6] confirmed that the saturation magnetization and the reciprocal of resistivity of electroless Ni-P films are proportional to the amount of the residual Ni, which means the surplus Ni after Ni-P formation, after sufficient heat treatment. It was found that increasing the phosphorus content would change the structure from crystalline to amorphous and decrease the thermal stability of electroless Ni-P film [7]. It was shown that high hardness can be obtained when phosphorus content and heat treatment are proper and this technology can be used in repairing and manufacturing moulds.…”

Study of Nd:YAG laser annealing of electroless Ni–P film on spiegel-iron plate by Taguchi method and grey system theory

“…Osaka et al [6] confirmed that the saturation magnetization and the reciprocal of resistivity of electroless Ni-P films are proportional to the amount of the residual Ni, which means the surplus Ni after Ni-P formation, after sufficient heat treatment. It was found that increasing the phosphorus content would change the structure from crystalline to amorphous and decrease the thermal stability of electroless Ni-P film [7]. It was shown that high hardness can be obtained when phosphorus content and heat treatment are proper and this technology can be used in repairing and manufacturing moulds.…”