Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age

De-Regil, Luz María; Jefferds, Maria Elena; Sylvetsky, Allison C.; Dowswell, Therese

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009085.pub2

Cited by 139 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Profilaktik olarak kullanılan demir günlük olarak oral yolla verilmektedir (günlük demir profilaksisi). Son zamanlarda intermitan demir profilaksisi olarak adlandırılan haftada bir veya iki kez demir kullanımının da etkin olduğunu bildiren çalışmalar yayınlanmaktadır (13)(14)(15)(16). Oral yoldan alınan demirin ilk dozundan sonra enterositlerden demir ve diğer minerallerin emiliminin geçici olarak blokaja uğramasından dolayı günlük demir kullanımı ile intermitan demir kullanımlarının benzer şekilde barsaktan emildiğini bildiren çalışmalar vardır (17,18).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

The Evaluation of Taking Iron Supplements in Children Aged 6 Months-2 Years

Karapınar¹,

Bildik²,

Köker³

et al. 2017

jpr

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GirişDemir yaşam için önemli bir elementtir. Protein sentezinde, pek çok enzimin yapı ve işlevinde görev alır, hücre solunumunda, vücutta oksijen ve elektronların taşınmasında rol oynar (1). Bu nedenle, eksikliğinde sadece anemi değil diğer sistemlerin işlevlerinde de bozukluklar ortaya çıkar. Demir eksikliği (DE) klinik bulgulardan daha önce başlamakta, ancak Öz ABS TRACT Amaç: İnfantlar için özel profilaksi programlarına rağmen, ülkelerin kültürel ve sosyoekonomik durumlarına bağlı olarak, demir eksikliği anemisi halen daha yaygındır. Türkiye'de, 2004 yılından beri 6-12 ay arası çocuklara ücretsiz olarak demir desteği yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, profilaktik demir kullanılabilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ekim 2014-Haziran 2015 tarihleri arasında, polikliniklerde, profilaktik demir kullanımını değerlendirmek için 6-24 ay arasında çocuğu olan annelere anket uygulandı. Bulgular: İki yüz çocuk çalışmaya alındı. Çocukların %16'sında demir profilaksisi hiç kullanılmamıştı. Çocukların 58'inde (%29) profilaksi 6 aydan daha uzun süre kullanılmıştı. Prematüre ve matür doğan çocuklar arasında profilaksi kullanım süresi açısından farklılık yoktu. Çocukların %36'sında profilaksi ihmal nedeniyle bırakılırken %8,5'inde ilaca bağlı yan etkiler nedeniyle bırakılmıştı, %39,5'inde profilaksiyi doktorun sonlandırdığı belirtilmişti. Uygun profilaksi dozu çocukların %40'ında kullanılmıştı. Sonuç: Profilaksi için uygun doz ve kullanım süresinin düşük oranda olduğu bulunmuştur. Altı ay ve üzerinde demir kullanan toplam 58 çocuğun 48'inde (%82,7) profilaksiyi doktorun sonlandırmış olduğunun belirtilmesi infant döneminde düzenli olarak sağlıklı çocuk izlemi yapılmasının profilaktik demir kullanım süresini uzattığını düşündürtmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Demir profilaksisi, demir eksikliği anemisi, infant Aim: In spite of special supplemental programs for infants, iron deficiency anemia remains relatively common, depending on ethnicity and socioeconomic status. In Turkey, free iron supplement (IS) to infants started in 2004. The aim of this current study is to evaluate the IS in infants. Materials and Methods: Between October 2014 and June 2015, a survey to evaluate the prophylactic use of iron in infants was applied at the polyclinics to the mothers of children aged 6-24 months. Results: Two hundred children were included in the study. IS was not given to 16% of the children. There was no difference in the time of attendance of IS between the premature and mature infants. Only 29% of the children had been given IS for longer than 6 months. While 36% of the children stopped receiving IS due to negligence, 8.5% of them stopped getting it it because of the adverse effect of the drug, and 39.5% of them were informed that IS had been stopped by the doctors. Advisable supplement dosage was used in 40% of the children. Conclusion: A low ratio of reasonable attendance time and dosage for prophylaxis was found. A total of 58 children had used IS for longer than 6 months and for 48 of them (82.7%) IS had been st...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

The Evaluation of Taking Iron Supplements in Children Aged 6 Months-2 Years

Karapınar¹,

Bildik²,

Köker³

et al. 2017

jpr

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“…In a systematic review, De-Regil LM (35) showed that intermittent iron supplementation is efficacious to improve haemoglobin concentrations and reduce the risk of anaemia or iron deficiency in children younger than 12 years of age when compared with a placebo or no intervention. Given the prior success on controlling iron and zinc deficiencies, vitamin D enrichment seems a logical next step in food supplementation to improve the nutritional status of Mexican children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, not iron, is the main nutrient deﬁciency in pre-school and school-aged children in Mexico City: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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Introduction: In 2012, the Mexican National Health Survey showed a moderate prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency, around 16%, in a national representative sample of children. A decreasing prevalence of anemia during the last 15 years has been observed in Mexico. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of vitamin D in children 3–8 years old in four different locations within the metropolitan area of Mexico City and to compare them to levels of iron and zinc as references of nutritional status.Methods: One hundred and seventeen healthy children aged 3–8 years attending four hospitals in Mexico City were invited to participate. All children received medical and nutritional evaluation, and blood samples were obtained.Results: Children were selected in the four hospitals between April and August 2008. More than half (51.3%) were boys; their average age was 5.5 ± 1.6 years. The mean height and weight of the children were 112.1 ± 11.2 cm and 20.2 ± 4.9 kg respectively, with a body mass index [BMI] of 15.8 ± 1.7 kg/m². The mean Z-score (BMI) was 0.007 ± 0.999. The prevalence of subjects with deficient levels of 25-OH-vitamin D (<50 nmol/l) was 24.77%. None of the children had haemoglobin levels below the anaemia threshold, and zinc determination revealed 8.26% of individuals with deficient levels (<65 µg/dL). These data confirm the findings reported in the latest National Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012) about the sustained reduction of anaemia prevalence among preschool and schoolchildren since 1999 and the rising rates of vitamin D deficiency in the same population. Similar to other studies, we found a link between socioeconomic status and the deficiency of micronutrients, these being markers of better nutrition, and vitamin D is remarkably related to the quality of the diet. This finding has not been considered in our population before.Conclusions: There is evidence of a sustained decrease of anaemia in Mexican children due to general enrichment of foods and focus on vulnerable populations, while vitamin D deficiency seems to have increased. More studies are needed to obtain more information on vitamin D levels at different ages and definition of susceptible groups in order to investigate the possibility of general population measures such as enrichment, which have proven to be effective.

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“…Although it is difficult to fully establish a causal relationship between ID and poor neurodevelopment due to many confounding factors, iron is important for neuronal energy metabolism, metabolism of neurotransmitters, myelination, and memory function. There are some reports of improvement in cognitive functions with treatment of IDA 5 . Iron is approximately distributed as 73% in haemoglobin, 12% in storage complexes (ferritin and haemosiderin) and 15% in enzymes.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intermittent iron supplementation reduces the risk of ID and IDA in children compared to placebo or no intervention, but it is less effective than daily supplementation. Intermittent supplementation is therefore a viable public health supplementation option 5 . It is recommended to provide 25mg of elemental iron to children 24-59 months and 75mg for 5-12 year old children weekly for 12 weeks and recommence another 12 week cycle after a 3 month gap (total of 24 months).…”

Section: Iron Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%