Intermetallics

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Definition of Intermetallics 1.2. Historical Remarks 2. General Considerations 2.1. Crystal Structure and Compound Stability 2.2. Basic Properties 2.3. Criteria for Compound Selection 3. Magnetic Materials 3.1. AlNiCo Alloys 3.2. FeCo Alloys 3.3. Sendust Alloy 3.4. Laves Phases 3.5. Rare‐Earth Compounds 4. Superconducting Materials 4.1. Laves Phases 4.2. A15 Compounds 4.2.1. V 3 Si 4.2.2. V 3 Ga 4.2.3. Nb 3 Sn 4.2.4. Nb 3 Al 4.2.5. Nb 3 Si 5. Electronic Materials 5.1. Silicides 5.2. Other Compounds 6. Electric Materials 7. Thermoelectric and Thermomagnetic Materials 7.1. Silicides 7.2. Other Thermoelectric Compounds 7.3. Thermomagnetic Compounds 8. Optical Materials 9. Hydrogen‐Storage Materials 9.1. B2 Compounds 9.2. Laves Phases 9.3. Rare Earth Metal Compounds and Other Phases 10. Electrode Materials 10.1. Mg 2 Ni Alloys 10.2. Laves Phase Alloys 10.3. RNi 5 Alloys 11. Coating Materials 11.1. Aluminides 11.2. Silicides 12. Shape‐Memory Materials 12.1. Cu‐Base Alloys 12.1.1. Cu ‐ Zn ‐ Al Shape Memory Alloys 12.1.2. Cu ‐ Al ‐ Ni Shape‐Memory Alloys 12.2. NiAl Alloys 12.3. NiTi Alloys 13. Medical Biomaterials 14. Dental Materials 14.1. Amalgams 14.2. Cu ‐ Au Alloys 15. Wear‐Resistant Materials 16. Structural High‐Temperature Materials 16.1. Titanium Aluminide Alloys 16.1.1. Ti 3 Al Alloys 16.1.2. TiAl Alloys 16.2. Iron Aluminide Alloys 16.2.1. Fe 3 Al Alloys 16.2.2. FeAl Alloys 16.3. Nickel Aluminide Alloys 16.3.1. Ni 3 Al alloys 16.3.2. NiAl Alloys 16.4. Silicide Alloys

Reaction Pathways in the Formation of Intermetallic InPd3 Polymorphs

“…In this context palladium rich intermetallic compounds provide a nice playground for experimental studies, because they crystallize in a variety of structures, which often can be derived from a cubic closest packing (ccp, Cu type) of atoms by an ordered substitution. Such ccp superstructures are of importance for high performance materials such as titanium aluminides and related intermetallics 1.…”

Reaction Pathways in the Formation of Intermetallic InPd3 Polymorphs

“…In this context palladium rich intermetallic compounds provide a nice playground for experimental studies, because they crystallize in a variety of structures, which often can be derived from a cubic closest packing (ccp, Cu type) of atoms by an ordered substitution. Such ccp superstructures are of importance for high performance materials such as titanium aluminides and related intermetallics 1.…”

Peculiarities of microstructure of reactive diffusion zone in Al-Co system

“…The general idea for contact smelting for binary metal system (or diffusion couples technique) is based on expectations of appearance of all compounds existing in the corresponding equilibrium diagram in the same sequence at the given temperature. The term "reactive diffusion zone" logically joints two separate meanings "diffusion zone" and "reaction zone" because diffusion transmission of atoms and phase transformation resulting to the certain phase composition can occur not only due to physical processes, but due to chemical processes too [1][2][3] [4]. In the most of binary and more complex metal systems the diffusion is accompanied not only by the formation of unlimited solid solutions based on main components in sample, but also by the formation of phases including the mixtures of solid solutions existing in limited range of concentrations and intermetallic phases [3].…”

Boron in Heat‐Treatable Steels: A Review

“…Liu et al studied the effect of boron on phosphorus segregation in Fe–0.2 wt% P alloy and concluded that boron suppresses phosphorus segregation and that the addition of 12.5 wt ppm of B prevents intergranular fracture, thereby increases the ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) by 170 K, and thus improves the toughness. They determined a value of 100 kJ mol −1 for the free energy of segregation of B at 1073 K. There is a literature that suggests that B can remove the embrittlement in Ni 3 Al intermetallics by acting as a GB‐glue.…”

Reaction Pathways in the Formation of Intermetallic InPd3 Polymorphs

“…In this context palladium rich intermetallic compounds provide a nice playground for experimental studies, because they crystallize in a variety of structures, which often can be derived from a cubic closest packing (ccp, Cu type) of atoms by an ordered substitution. Such ccp superstructures are of importance for high performance materials such as titanium aluminides and related intermetallics 1.…”

Peculiarities of microstructure of reactive diffusion zone in Al-Co system

“…The general idea for contact smelting for binary metal system (or diffusion couples technique) is based on expectations of appearance of all compounds existing in the corresponding equilibrium diagram in the same sequence at the given temperature. The term "reactive diffusion zone" logically joints two separate meanings "diffusion zone" and "reaction zone" because diffusion transmission of atoms and phase transformation resulting to the certain phase composition can occur not only due to physical processes, but due to chemical processes too [1][2][3] [4]. In the most of binary and more complex metal systems the diffusion is accompanied not only by the formation of unlimited solid solutions based on main components in sample, but also by the formation of phases including the mixtures of solid solutions existing in limited range of concentrations and intermetallic phases [3].…”

Boron in Heat‐Treatable Steels: A Review

“…Liu et al studied the effect of boron on phosphorus segregation in Fe–0.2 wt% P alloy and concluded that boron suppresses phosphorus segregation and that the addition of 12.5 wt ppm of B prevents intergranular fracture, thereby increases the ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) by 170 K, and thus improves the toughness. They determined a value of 100 kJ mol −1 for the free energy of segregation of B at 1073 K. There is a literature that suggests that B can remove the embrittlement in Ni 3 Al intermetallics by acting as a GB‐glue.…”

Reaction Pathways in the Formation of Intermetallic InPd3 Polymorphs

“…In this context palladium rich intermetallic compounds provide a nice playground for experimental studies, because they crystallize in a variety of structures, which often can be derived from a cubic closest packing (ccp, Cu type) of atoms by an ordered substitution. Such ccp superstructures are of importance for high performance materials such as titanium aluminides and related intermetallics 1.…”

Peculiarities of microstructure of reactive diffusion zone in Al-Co system

“…The general idea for contact smelting for binary metal system (or diffusion couples technique) is based on expectations of appearance of all compounds existing in the corresponding equilibrium diagram in the same sequence at the given temperature. The term "reactive diffusion zone" logically joints two separate meanings "diffusion zone" and "reaction zone" because diffusion transmission of atoms and phase transformation resulting to the certain phase composition can occur not only due to physical processes, but due to chemical processes too [1][2][3] [4]. In the most of binary and more complex metal systems the diffusion is accompanied not only by the formation of unlimited solid solutions based on main components in sample, but also by the formation of phases including the mixtures of solid solutions existing in limited range of concentrations and intermetallic phases [3].…”

Boron in Heat‐Treatable Steels: A Review

“…Liu et al studied the effect of boron on phosphorus segregation in Fe–0.2 wt% P alloy and concluded that boron suppresses phosphorus segregation and that the addition of 12.5 wt ppm of B prevents intergranular fracture, thereby increases the ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) by 170 K, and thus improves the toughness. They determined a value of 100 kJ mol −1 for the free energy of segregation of B at 1073 K. There is a literature that suggests that B can remove the embrittlement in Ni 3 Al intermetallics by acting as a GB‐glue.…”