Intermediate covering of municipal solid waste landfills with alkaline grits, dregs and lime mud by-products of kraft pulp production

Farage, Rogério Machado Pinto; Silva, Cláudio; Rezende, Adriano Alves de; Souza, José João Lelis Leal de; Matos, Antônio Teixeira de; Zanuncio, Antônio José Vinha

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117985

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Landfill cover A mixture of GLD (70%) and SG (30%) was used as covering material. COD removal in the leachates (91%) after 15 months suggest no impact on the microorganisms responsible for the stabilization of the organic fraction of the MSW [27].…”

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, GLD showed good potential to replace the soil in successive layers for intermediate covering in landfills [27]. However, the concentration of sodium in the leachate was significant, which may have caused inhibition of the bioactivity in the landfill cell, delaying the degradation of organic matter.…”

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A section of 250 m length of a road in Portugal is going to be constructed using SG from pulp and paper mills [59]. Additionally, Farage et al [27] proposed an innovative strategy for the reuse of SG as municipal sanitary landfill intermediate covering. Tests at the industrial scale suggest several environmental advantages, such as heavy metal adsorption, minimization of land degradation and minimization of the landfill disposal of this waste [27].…”

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Farage et al [27] proposed an innovative strategy for the reuse of SG as municipal sanitary landfill intermediate covering. Tests at the industrial scale suggest several environmental advantages, such as heavy metal adsorption, minimization of land degradation and minimization of the landfill disposal of this waste [27]. Furthermore, the strongly alkaline pH, high calcium concentration, the existence of calcite (CaCO 3 ), the neutralizing value [64], as well as the concentration of potentially toxic metals [65] make of SG an interesting material for application in agriculture and forestry as a soil amendment and fertilizer.…”

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Quina

Pinheiro

2020

Applied Sciences

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Kraft pulp mills produce the main raw material for paper, while several waste products are generated in large quantities in the process. This review study addresses four of the main inorganic wastes formed by this industry, namely green liquor dregs (GLD), slaker grits (SG), lime mud (LM) and boiler fly ash (BFA), which are still mostly discarded in landfills. A brief overview of a typical industrial process was included to outline the waste generation points. The main chemical and physical properties are indicated for highlighting the most relevant characteristics to determine which applications may be considered in each case. An in-depth literature review allowed the identification of the main applications that have been tested mainly at the laboratory scale and some at an industrial scale. The applications are grouped into construction materials, geotechnical, environmental, agricultural and others. This assessment shows that the circular economy and the sustainable development goals of the UN are important issues for organizations in general, and the pulp mill in particular. In fact, this industry has managed to close the chemicals loops, recover energy and reduce water consumption in the process. However, the current situation of inorganic waste can still be improved if industrial applications are developed to avoid landfill.

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Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Quina

Pinheiro

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…Efficient removal of metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in solution, notably by precipitation, are mainly attributed to calcium carbonate 33 , with 93% average removal of Fe and Mn in aquifers contaminated by landfill leachate in the USA 34 . Dregs and grits were studied to serve as intermediate covering in urban solid wastes landfills in order to retain metals by precipitation avoiding contamination of the leachate and to prevent the presence macro and micro vectors in the landfill site 35 . It is important to note that metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb have been identified in samples of dregs and grits, but in lower concentrations than in soil background 26,36,37 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kraft pulp mill dregs and grits as permeable reactive barrier for removal of copper and sulfate in acid mine drainage

Farage

Quina

Gando-Ferreira

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Mining is an essential human activity, but results in several environmental impacts, notably the contamination of ground and surface water through the presence of toxic substances such as metals and sulfates in mine drainage. permeable reactive barriers (pRB) have been applied to remediate this environmental impact, but the high costs associated with the maintenance of this system are still a challenge. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of kraft pulp mill alkaline residues, known as dregs and grits, as material for pRB, and to determine their capacity for retaining copper and sulfate. the work was carried out in laboratory adsorption kinetics assays, batch assays and column tests. tests for elemental characterization, point of zero charge, acid neutralization capacity, total porosity, bulk density and moisture of the dregs and grits were conducted. the results showed high retention of Cu due to a chemical precipitation mechanism, notably for dregs (99%) at 5 min in adsorption kinetics. The grits presented similar results after 180 min for the same assay. Sulfate retention was effective at pH below 5, with an efficiency of 79% and 89% for dregs and grits, respectively. Dregs presented the best results for acid drainage remediation, notably with a solid:liquid (S:L) ratio of 1:10.Acid mine drainage (AMD) is caused by the oxidation of sulfur-bearing materials in the presence of oxygen and water, resulting in sulfate and metals solubilization and forming acidic solutions 1-4 . Active and inactive mining activities for metals, such as copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver and uranium, provoke potential degradation of the environment by the presence of different contaminants, particularly due to metals and sulfates in acid drainage 5 . Indeed, the acid drainage formation is an important environmental aspect of mining practices. The sulfate concentrations may reach 2,400 to 20,800 mg/L 6,7 , well above the limit of 250 mg/L established by the World Health Organization 8 . It might cause damage not only to human health but also to the environment, and depreciation of structures and equipment 2,9 , resulting in high costs for control and management by the mining companies 2,10 . Copper concentration may be in the range from 77 to 615 mg/L, with higher values in the Cu mines 1,11 . Other metals such as Al, Mn, Fe, Mg, and Zn are also commonly found in AMD in these mines 10,12 .AMD remediation can be actively accomplished off-site with the pumping of the contamination plume to a treatment plant, or passively on-site with the use of permeable reactive barriers (PRB), with lower installation and maintenance costs. It can be carried out with the flow directed to the system, by the Funnel model, or the grid-type, by the installation of a perpendicular barrier to the contamination plume 13,14 . The PRB was first proposed in Canada in the 1990s 13,15 , with different materials used as adsorbent media, from single barriers with only one material to composites of different materials, or multiple sequential barrier...

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Recent developments in the application of kraft pulping alkaline chemicals for lignocellulosic pretreatment: Potential beneficiation of green liquor dregs waste

Sewsynker-Sukai

David

Kana

2020

Bioresource Technology

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Intermediate covering of municipal solid waste landfills with alkaline grits, dregs and lime mud by-products of kraft pulp production

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Kraft pulp mill dregs and grits as permeable reactive barrier for removal of copper and sulfate in acid mine drainage

Recent developments in the application of kraft pulping alkaline chemicals for lignocellulosic pretreatment: Potential beneficiation of green liquor dregs waste

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