Interlayer slip and joint localization in the East Kaibab Monocline, Utah: field evidence and results from numerical modelling

Cooke, Michele L.; Mollema, Pauline Nella; Pollard, David D.; Aydin, Atilla

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.169.01.03

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…We are also confident that if the historical data from the faulted hinge were fully discriminated as individual falls, instead of grouped, the RPR for the faulted hinge would be higher than the RPR for the hinges of gentle folds. Our speculation is supported by studies of fractures in fold zones, which indicate that the number of fractures is typically highest where fold curvature is greatest (e.g., Lisle, 1994;Hennings et al, 2000;Cooke et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA

Coe

Harp

2007

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. We examine rockfall susceptibility of folded strata in the Sevier fold-thrust belt exposed in American Fork Canyon in north-central Utah. Large-scale geologic mapping, talus production data, rock-mass-quality measurements, and historical rockfall data indicate that rockfall susceptibility is correlated with limb dip and curvature of the folded, cliff-forming Mississippian limestones. On fold limbs, rockfall susceptibility increases as dip increases. This relation is controlled by several factors, including an increase in adverse dip conditions and apertures of discontinuities, and shearing by flexural slip during folding that has reduced the friction angles of discontinuities by smoothing surface asperities. Susceptibility is greater in fold hinge zones than on adjacent limbs primarily because there are greater numbers of discontinuities in hinge zones. We speculate that susceptibility increases in hinge zones as fold curvature becomes tighter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA

Coe

Harp

2007

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The sequence and mechanisms of deformation proposed in this paper are somewhat similar to those proposed by Segall and Pollard (1983), Maertel (1990), Cooke et al (2000) and Myers and Aydin (in prep.). Nevertheless, whereas most of these papers deal with the evolution of strike-slip, this paper deals with the evolution of normal faults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Multi-Attribute Seismic/Rock Physics Approach to Characterizing Fractured Reservoirs

Mavko¹

2004

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Most current seismic methods to seismically characterize fractures in tight reservoirs depend on a few anisotropic wave propagation signatures that can arise from aligned fractures. While seismic anisotropy can be a powerful fracture diagnostic, a number of situations can lessen its usefulness or introduce interpretation ambiguities. Fortunately, laboratory and theoretical work in rock physics indicates that a much broader spectrum of fracture seismic signatures can occur, including a decrease in P-and S-wave velocities, a change in Poisson's ratio, an increase in velocity dispersion and wave attenuation, as well as well as indirect images of structural features that can control fracture occurrence.The goal of this project was to demonstrate a practical interpretation and integration strategy for detecting and characterizing natural fractures in rocks. The approach was to exploit as many sources of information as possible, and to use the principles of rock physics as the link among seismic, geologic, and log data. Since no single seismic attribute is a reliable fracture indicator in all situations, the focus was to develop a quantitative scheme for integrating the diverse sources of information. The integrated study incorporated three key elements:The first element was establishing prior constraints on fracture occurrence, based on laboratory data, previous field observations, and geologic patterns of fracturing. The geologic aspects include analysis of the stratigraphic, structural, and tectonic environments of the field sites. Field observations and geomechanical analysis indicates that fractures tend to occur in the more brittle facies, for example, in tight sands and carbonates. In contrast, strain in shale is more likely to be accommodated by ductile flow. Hence, prior knowledge of bed thickness and facies architecture, calibrated to outcrops, are powerful constraints on the interpreted fracture distribution. Another important constraint is that fracturing is likely to be more intense near faults -sometimes referred to as the damaged zone. Yet another constraint, based on world-wide observations, is that the maximum likely fracture density increases with depth in a welldefined way. Defining these prior constrains has several benefits: they lead to a priori probability distributions of fractures, that are important for objective statistical integration; they limit the number of geologic hypotheses that need to be theoretically modeled; they provide plausible models for fracture distributions below the seismic resolution.The second element was theoretical rock physics modeling of optimal seismic attributes, including offset and azimuth dependence of traveltime, amplitude, and impedance signatures of anisotropic fractured rocks. The suggested workflow is to begin with an elastic earth model, based on well logs, theoretically add fractures to the likely facies as defined by the geologic prior information, and then compute synthetic seismic traces and attributes, including variations in P and S-wave velo...

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“…(Ericsson et al, 1998)), but in more complex structures, such as fault-propagation folds, curvature alone is not a representative proxy of fracturing (e.g. (Cooke et al, 1999)). As a result, fracture heterogeneity is often simplified or overlooked, especially when only limited subsurface fracture data is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geologically Consistent Permeability Model of Fractured Folded Carbonate Reservoirs: Lessons from Outcropping Analogue

Bisdom¹,

Bertotti²,

Gauthier³

et al. 2013

Proceedings

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SUMMARYPresently adopted fracture-related permeability models of large folded reservoirs are simplistic and often unrelated to the geological setting and evolution of the considered structure. In order to improve predictions of fluid flow in more complex subsurface fractured reservoirs, we build a 3D fracture network model of an outcropping fold in Tunisia, and populate different structural domains with fracture data, collected from outcrops. Within the studied fold, we find large variations in deformation mechanisms between different formations, with the main mechanisms being Layer Parallel Shortening (LPS), resulting in regional deformation, and the more localized impact of fiber stresses and flexural slip. Within the steep flank of the anticline, we find that in one formation fracturing is mostly controlled by fiber stresses, whereas in the underlying formation flexural slip is the main deformation mechanism. These two formations are separated by a detachment surface. Using stress and strain fields, we aim at reconstructing the conditions at which these fractures have been formed. This can provide a better understanding of the relation between fracture patterns in different structural domains of a fold and the stress evolution that formed these fractures, and the subsequent impact of different fracture patterns on fluid flow in fractured folds.

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Interlayer slip and joint localization in the East Kaibab Monocline, Utah: field evidence and results from numerical modelling

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA

Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA

Multi-Attribute Seismic/Rock Physics Approach to Characterizing Fractured Reservoirs

A Geologically Consistent Permeability Model of Fractured Folded Carbonate Reservoirs: Lessons from Outcropping Analogue

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