Interfacial separation and characterization of Al–<scp>PE</scp> composites during delamination of post‐consumer Tetra Pak materials

Zhang, Sufeng; Luo, Ke; Zhang, Lulu; Xing-xian, Mei; Cao, Sanjie; Wang, Baiji

doi:10.1002/jctb.4573

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Zhang et al [25] suggested that the delamination mechanism is the interfacial adhesive failure between the PE and the aluminium foil.…”

Section: Delaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Solvent-Based Recycling of Polymers from Multilayer Packaging

Li,

Theodosopoulos,

Lovell

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conversion of chemical feedstocks derived from fossil fuels to virgin polymer, manufacturing of plastics in coal-dependent economies, and increasing consumption of virgin polymers for plastics packaging contribute significantly to environmental issues and the challenges we face. Nowadays, promoting sustainable development has become the consensus of more and more countries. Among them, the recycling of multilayer packaging is a huge challenge. Due to the complexity of its structure and materials, as well as the limitations of existing recycling frameworks, currently, multilayer packaging cannot be commercially recycled thus resulting in a series of circular economy challenges. It is undeniable that multilayer packaging offers many positive effects on products and consumers, so banning the use of such packaging would be unwise and unrealistic. Developing the appropriate processes to recycle multilayer packaging is the most feasible strategy. In recent years, there have been some studies devoted to the recycling process of multilayer packaging. Many of the processes being developed involve the use of solvents. Based on the recycled products, we categorised these recycling processes as solvent-based recycling, including physical dissolution and chemical depolymerisation. In physical dissolution, there are mainly two approaches named delamination and selective dissolution–precipitation. Focusing on these processes, this paper reviews the solvents developed and used in the last 20 years for the recycling of polymers from multilayer packaging waste and gives a summary of their advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, product quality, ease of processing, and environmental impact. Based on existing research, one could conclude that solvent-based recycling methods have the potential to be commercialised and become part of a standard recycling process for polymer-based multilayer packaging. The combined use of multiple solvent-based recycling processes could be a breakthrough in achieving unified recycling of multilayer packaging with different components.

show abstract

“…Zhang et al [25] suggested that the delamination mechanism is the interfacial adhesive failure between the PE and the aluminium foil.…”

Section: Delaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Solvent-Based Recycling of Polymers from Multilayer Packaging

Li,

Theodosopoulos,

Lovell

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Delamination occurred due to the swelling of PE and although some material loss was observed, it was lower than that obtained with separation using organic acids. A blend of benzene-ethanol-water (30:20:50 volume ratio) for 5 min at 60 • C was used to separate PolyAl layers; the bright spots of irregular particles with scattered distribution detected by SEM on the surfaces of the PE and Al were Al, O and C [83].…”

Section: Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Aseptic Beverage Cartons: A Review

Robertson

2021

Recycling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aseptic beverage cartons are multilayer polymer-coated paperboards with a layer of aluminum foil. Due to their multilayer structure it is commonly assumed that they cannot be recycled. This is not the case and this review details the multifarious processes that are used to recycle aseptic beverage cartons. Hydrapulping to recover the paper fibers that constitute 75% of the carton is the most widespread process, followed by the manufacture of construction materials such as boards and tiles which utilize the complete carton. A range of mechanical, chemical and thermal processes are used to separate the PolyAl (polyethylene and aluminum) residual that remains after the paper fibers have been recovered. The simplest process involves agglutination followed by extrusion to obtain pellets that can then be used in industrial and consumer products or combined with other materials such as lignocellulosic wastes. Chemical approaches involve the solubilization of polyethylene and the removal of aluminum. Various thermal processes have also been investigated and a novel microwave-induced pyrolysis process appears the most commercially viable. It is concluded that the focus in future years is likely to be on recycling cartons into construction materials where there is a theoretical yield of 100% compared with 75% for hydrapulping.

show abstract

“…16 These mechanical methods consume a high amount of energy and produce low-quality recyclates. On the other hand, in the chemical recycling process, various chemicals such as benzene−alcohol−water mixture 13 N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, 17 methanoic acid, 18 etc. have been used to recycle the metal−polymer composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The separation of metal–plastic composite materials has been carried out by many researchers through mechanical and chemical processes. − The mechanical recycling process generally proceeds through the size reduction of composite materials by shredding, cutting, or crushing . These mechanical methods consume a high amount of energy and produce low-quality recyclates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bubble Nucleation-Induced Interfacial Delamination of a Lap-Shear Aluminum/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polycarbonate Specimen by CO₂ Gas Impregnation and Subsequent Heating

Mori,

Kishimoto,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The separation of the metal/polymer interface in a multimaterial product requires a significant workload in the material recycling industry. This study demonstrated that gas bubble nucleation separated a metal/polymer interface and reduced the maximum load. A lap-shear test piece was prepared by joining a laser-graved aluminum alloy (Al) with a 40 wt % glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate (PCGF40) using injection molding. PCGF40 infiltrated into Al’s graved microcavity and exhibited 20 MPa of adhesive strength by the anchoring effect. The Al/PCGF40 lap-shear part was saturated with high-pressure CO2 gas of 5, 7.5, and 10 MPa at 80 °C in a high-pressure vessel for 24 h. Then, it was heated at 110–150 °C to bring about the dissolved gas supersaturation state and induce bubble nucleation for 3 min. The specimen was subjected to an ISO19095-3 tensile lap-shear measurement fixture. The maximum separation load decreased with increased CO2 pressure and heating temperature. We found two separation modes: cohesive failure and interfacial delamination depending on the heating temperature. The cohesive failure occurred at a temperature higher than 130 °C, saturated at 5 and 7.5 MPa, and remained resin on the Al substrate. X-ray computational tomography (X-ray CT) imaging clarified that bubble nucleation formed numerous voids far from the Al/PCGF40 interface and initiated cohesive failure. The interfacial delamination occurred at a lower temperature, 110–130 °C, and a high pressure, 10 MPa. X-ray CT clarified that many voids existed at the interface and suggested the initiation of interfacial delamination. The small maximum delamination load with the realization of the smallest remaining resin was obtained at 10 MPa and 130 °C. Our method reduced the maximum load by 50% compared with the control and paved the way for recycling multimaterial products.

show abstract

Interfacial separation and characterization of Al–PE composites during delamination of post‐consumer Tetra Pak materials

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Progress in Solvent-Based Recycling of Polymers from Multilayer Packaging

Progress in Solvent-Based Recycling of Polymers from Multilayer Packaging

Recycling of Aseptic Beverage Cartons: A Review

Bubble Nucleation-Induced Interfacial Delamination of a Lap-Shear Aluminum/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polycarbonate Specimen by CO₂ Gas Impregnation and Subsequent Heating

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Interfacial separation and characterization of Al–PE composites during delamination of post‐consumer Tetra Pak materials

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Progress in Solvent-Based Recycling of Polymers from Multilayer Packaging

Progress in Solvent-Based Recycling of Polymers from Multilayer Packaging

Recycling of Aseptic Beverage Cartons: A Review

Bubble Nucleation-Induced Interfacial Delamination of a Lap-Shear Aluminum/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polycarbonate Specimen by CO2 Gas Impregnation and Subsequent Heating

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Bubble Nucleation-Induced Interfacial Delamination of a Lap-Shear Aluminum/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polycarbonate Specimen by CO₂ Gas Impregnation and Subsequent Heating