Interfacial modification of hole transport layers for efficient large-area perovskite solar cells achieved via blade-coating

Back, Hyungcheol; Kim, Junghwan; Kim, Geunjin; Kim, Tae Kyun; Kang, Hongkyu; Kong, Jaemin; Lee, Seoung Ho; Lee, Kwang-Hee

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.018

Cited by 86 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, additives like NH 4 Cl, [51] DIO [52][53][54][55] (1,8-diiodooctane), or HPA [56] (hypophosphorous acid) have demonstrated to support the formation of high-quality perovskite thin-films via blade coating and slot-die coating. In the more common one-step route, the coated precursor solution contains already all chemical components of the perovskite crystal structure.…”

Section: Blade Coating and Slot-die Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2019

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optoelectronic devices, a novel lowcost and highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) material emerged. Only 10 years after the first reported perovskite solar cells (PSCs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 23% were certified, exceeding those of much longer established thin-film PV technologies, including organic photovoltaics (OPV) and inorganic thin-film PV based on copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). [1] The material class of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites combines excellent optoelectronic properties, such as long diffusion lengths [2] and short absorption lengths, [3] with the ease of solution processing, low energy payback times, and low-cost precursor materials. [4] Moreover, the optoelectronic properties and the material stability can be engineered by varying the constituents in the perovskite crystal structure ABX 3 . For example, the bandgap (E G ) can be tuned by changing the stoichiometric ratio of Br and I at the halogen anion site X. [5][6][7] In order to improve the stability of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, compositional engineering of the cation site A was demonstrated to be successful via combining methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 + or MA + ), formamidinium (CH 5 N 2 + or FA + ), Cs + , and Rb + ions in the so-called multi-cation perovskites. [8][9][10][11] Three key challenges hinder today the economical breakthrough of PSCs:Stability: First, the instability of PSCs against moisture, oxygen, light, and temperature limits the lifetime of PSCs to a fraction of the warranty lifetime (often >25 years) of the market dominating crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV. [12] Very respectable progress has been made over recent years to enhance the stability of PSCs by demonstrating stability over 1000 h, but significant further advances in terms of stability are needed to lift the technology to a level where it is ready to compete with, or be a bolt-on tandem companion to the current PV heavyweight of c-Si. A number of reviews cover recent developments on the topic of stability. [13][14][15][16][17] Toxicity: Second, highly efficient PSCs still contain lead, the toxicity of which hampers the acceptance of the technology and could conflict with legislative barriers. [18] Other recent reviews present progress with respect to this challenge. [19,20] Upscaling: Third, the upscaling of perovskite PV devices to commercial PV module sizes (>1 m 2 ) must be achieved. To date, the vast majority of research and development of PSCs is still Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors provide opportunities and challenges for the fabrication of low-cost thin-film photovoltaic devices. The opportunities are clear: the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small-area perovskite photovoltaics has surpassed many established thin-film technologies. However, the large-scale solution-based deposition of perovskite layers introduces challenges. To form perovskite layers, precursor solutions are coated or printed and these must then be crystallized into the perovskite structur...

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Section: Blade Coating and Slot-die Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2019

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“…This is due to the prolonged crystal growth at low temperatures and therefore the occurrence of crystallization dewetting. Figure 5 shows the range of the substrate temperatures (during the coating process) that have been used in recent published papers [3,7,8,13,16,[18][19][20][21][22]24,25,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], in order to fabricate the perovskite layer of PSCs, mostly by a scalable technique. These techniques include spray coating, doctor blading, slot-die coating, roller coating, inkjet printing, and drop casting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect-Free Large-Area (25 cm2) Light Absorbing Perovskite Thin Films Made by Spray Coating

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this work, we report on reproducible fabrication of defect-free large-area mixed halide perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x ) thin films by scalable spray coating with the area of 25 cm 2 . This is essential for the commercialization of the perovskite solar cell technology. Using an automated spray coater, the film thickness and roughness were optimized by controlling the solution concentration and substrate temperature. For the first time, the surface tension, contact angle, and viscosity of mixed halide perovskite dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) are reported as a function of the solution concentration. A low perovskite solution concentration of 10% was selected as an acceptable value to avoid crystallization dewetting. The determined optimum substrate temperature of 150 • C, followed by annealing at 100 • C render the highest perovskite precursor conversion, as well as the highest possible droplet spreading, desired to achieve a continuous thin film. The number of spray passes was also tuned to achieve a fully-covered film, for the condition of the spray nozzle used in this work. This work demonstrates that applying the optimum substrate temperature decreases the standard deviation of the film thickness and roughness, leading to an increase in the quality and reproducibility of the large-area spray-on films. The optimum perovskite solution concentration and the substrate temperature are universally applicable to other spray coating systems.

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“…Then, the blade is dragged at a certain speed to form a meniscus of perovskite solution; the solution dries to form a film. MAPbBr 3 :PEO composite films fabricated by the blade‐coating method showed reduced grain size (≈5 µm) and improved film coverage (≈90%) (Figure b) . PeLEDs with simplified structure, in which both MAPbBr 3 :PEO composite films and silver‐nanowire electrodes were fabricated by blade coating in air, achieved EQE ≈ 1.1%, CE ≈ 4.91 cd A −1 , and L ≈ 21 014 cd m −2 (Figure c,d) .…”

Section: Solution‐processed Polycrystalline Bulk Films and Light‐emitmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Roll‐to‐roll (R2R) manufacturing methods such as blade coating, gravure coating, slot‐die coating, and spray coating are compatible with scale up to industrial‐scale production. These methods have low material waste and high throughput, and are simple and viable for large areas; these can be applied to fabricate the uniform MHP PC films and large‐area PeLEDs based on them.…”

Section: Solution‐processed Polycrystalline Bulk Films and Light‐emitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods have low material waste and high throughput, and are simple and viable for large areas; these can be applied to fabricate the uniform MHP PC films and large‐area PeLEDs based on them. The surface morphology of the MHP PC films printed using these R2R methods can be also modified by controlling the surface energy of the underlayer, the substrate temperature, the reaction atmosphere, the drying airflow, the composition ratio, the additives, the droplet sizes, the coating cycle, and the sequential deposition methods …”

Section: Solution‐processed Polycrystalline Bulk Films and Light‐emitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal Halide Perovskites: From Crystal Formations to Light‐Emitting‐Diode Applications

Kim

et al. 2018

Small Methods

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Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising light emitters because they have high color purity, high charge‐carrier mobility, comparable energy levels with organic semiconductors, and the possibility of diverse crystal forms and various crystal formation methods. Since the first report of MHP light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) in 2014, many researchers have devoted efforts to increase the luminescence efficiencies of MHPs in various crystal forms, and achieved dramatically improved photoluminescence quantum efficiency of >90% in MHP emitters and external quantum efficiency of ≈14.36% in PeLEDs. Here, the recent progress regarding PeLEDs is reviewed by categorizing MHPs into three types: polycrystalline bulk films, colloidal nanocrystals, and single crystals. The main focus is on photophysical properties, crystallization methods, and mechanisms of various crystal formation, and applications to PeLEDs. Future research directions are also suggested and an outlook for MHP emitters and PeLEDs is given.

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Interfacial modification of hole transport layers for efficient large-area perovskite solar cells achieved via blade-coating

Cited by 86 publications

References 35 publications

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

Defect-Free Large-Area (25 cm2) Light Absorbing Perovskite Thin Films Made by Spray Coating

Metal Halide Perovskites: From Crystal Formations to Light‐Emitting‐Diode Applications

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