Interface Toughness of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Ganesan, Yogeeswaran; Peng, Cheng; Lü, Yang; Loya, Phillip E.; Moloney, Padraig; Barrera, Enrique; Yakobson, Boris I.; Tour, James M.; Ballarini, Roberto; Lou, Jun

doi:10.1021/am1011047

Cited by 95 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In their study, functionalized CNTs showed significantly higher adhesion strengths resulting in CNT failure rather than pull-out from the surrounding matrix that is commonly experienced for unmodified CNTs. Ganesan et al [26] used a single-fiber pull-out technique to investigate the interfacial shear strength and interfacial fracture energy of individual MWCNTs embedded in various lengths in an epoxy matrix. These reports suggest that the presence of CNTs in epoxy matrix can considerably improve its load carrying capacity when the interfacial adhesion of CNTs to the matrix is maintained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on shear performance of laminated nanocomposite bonded joints

Askari

Ghasemi‐Nejhad

2012

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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The main objective is to improve the most commonly addressed weakness of the laminated composites (i.e. delamination due to poor interlaminar strength) using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcement between the laminae and in the transverse direction. In this work, a chemical vapor deposition technique has been used to grow dense vertically aligned arrays of CNTs over the surface of chemically treated two-dimensionally woven cloth and fiber tows. The nanoforest-like fabrics can be used to fabricate three-dimensionally reinforced laminated nanocomposites. The presence of CNTs aligned normal to the layers and in-between the layers of laminated composites is expected to considerably enhance the properties of the laminates. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, composite single lap-joint specimens were fabricated for interlaminar shear strength testing. It was observed that the single lap-joints with through-the-thickness CNT reinforcement can carry considerably higher shear stresses and strains. Close examination of the test specimens showed that the failure of samples with CNT nanoforests was completely cohesive, while the samples without CNT reinforcement failed adhesively. This concludes that the adhesion of adjacent carbon fabric layers can be considerably improved owing to the presence of vertically aligned arrays of CNT nanoforests.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 N cm −2 ) [24]. Previous investigations [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] have established that strength in nanocomposites can be increased at the nanotube interface owing to nanotube pull-out. This phenomenon explains the increase in shear strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on shear performance of laminated nanocomposite bonded joints

Askari

Ghasemi‐Nejhad

2012

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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“…, and carbon nanotubes [6,[13][14][15] as hierarchical strengthening and toughening substructures has been recently developed; however, their expensive and laborious methods of synthesis and processing are also known. To overcome this limitation, a simple route was recently found by incorporating cellulose nano crystals (CNC, 0.17% in weight) on a glass fiber surface, increasing the ultimate tensile and flexural strength of the composite system by 10 and 40%, respectively [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Low-cost, environmentally friendly route for producing CFRP laminates with microfibrillated cellulose interphase

Uribe¹,

Chiromito²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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The reinforcement of polymer matrices with continuous carbon fibers (CF), giving rise to so-called carbon fiber-reinforced polymers/plastics (CFRP) composites is a major issue in the space, aerospace, naval, wind and oil and gas energy industries because of their need for construction materials that exhibit very high structural efficiency (i.e., exceptional strength/ density and stiffness/density ratios). The improvement in interfacial strength between the polymer matrix and reinforcing fiber system leading to the enhancement of overall mechanical performance of CFRPs has always been sought by materials scientists, since the region separating the bulk polymer from the fiber reinforcement is of utmost importance to load transference and distribution. Kim and Mai [1] and Pegoretti et al. [2] discovered that the shear strength of a fibrous polymer composite is closely related to the shear strength of the fibersurrounding polymer matrix domain. They also noted that the latter property strongly depends upon the mechanical performance of the interphase, which constitutes an intermediate, different phase when compared to the reinforcing fiber and the bulk resin [3]. Many efforts were then devoted to build strong fiber/ matrix interphases by controlling physicochemical interactions and frictional forces acting on this particular region of composite systems [4]. That achievement [1, 2] allowed efficient hierarchical composite structures to be technologically addressed and developed, aiming not only to improve the mechanical strength but also to mitigate interlaminar, intralaminar and translaminar damage, hence enhancing the fracture toughness as well [5][6][7]. For instance, the use of fillers such as monolayer graphene [8][9][10] Abstract. In this paper, a cost-effective and eco-friendly method to improve mechanical performance in continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) matrix composites is presented. Unsized fiber fabric preforms are coated with self-assembling sugarcane bagasse microfibrillated cellulose, and undergo vacuum-assisted liquid epoxy resin infusion to produce solid laminates after curing at ambient temperature. Quasi-static tensile, flexural and short beam testing at room temperature indicated that the stiffness, ultimate strength and toughness at ultimate load of the brand-new two-level hierarchical composite are substantially higher than in baseline, unsized fiber-reinforced epoxy laminate. Atomic force microscopy for height and phase imaging, along with scanning electron microscopy for the fracture surface survey, revealed a 400 nm-thick fiber/matrix interphase wherein microfibrillated cellulose exerts strengthening and toughening roles in the hybrid laminate. Market expansion of this class of continuous fiber-reinforced-polymer matrix composites exhibiting remarkable mechanical performance/cost ratios is thus conceivable.

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“…When the sliding velocity is around 10 -8 m/s, corresponding to the pull-out rate in experiment [51], the value of the upper bound is 0.62%, which can be easily reached for functionalized CNTs [5]. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume a perfect bonding between the functionalized CNT and the PE matrix in most cases of modeling at a higher scale.…”

Section: The Interfacial Shear Strength and Criterionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Interfacial properties of carboxylic acid functionalized CNT/polyethylene composites: A molecular dynamics simulation study

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

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Interface Toughness of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Cited by 95 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on shear performance of laminated nanocomposite bonded joints

Effects of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on shear performance of laminated nanocomposite bonded joints

Low-cost, environmentally friendly route for producing CFRP laminates with microfibrillated cellulose interphase

Interfacial properties of carboxylic acid functionalized CNT/polyethylene composites: A molecular dynamics simulation study

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