Interface engineering of carbon fiber composites using CNT : A review

Three‐dimensional multi‐axial warp knitted (3D MWK) reinforced composites are important components of advanced structural composites. The interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix is key to achieving high mechanical properties. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) and poly(oxypropylene) diamines (D400) were grafted on glass fiber (GF) multi‐axial warp knitted (MWK) fabrics to construct a “flexible‐rigid” structure. The surface morphologies of GF were characterized by SEM and EDS. Then, 3D MWK‐reinforced composites were prepared based on four kinds of modified fabrics using the VARTM method. The in‐plane compression properties were obtained at different high temperatures and their failure modes were analyzed. The strain–stress curves showed that the composites exhibited brittle fracture modes. D400 and GO‐modified multi‐scale composites exhibited outstanding compression properties. The strength of the related composited was improved by 55.78%, 76.78%, 52.19%, and 56.78% compared to that of desized composite at 30°C, 60°C, 120°C and 150°C, respectively. The damage to D400‐GO modified and D400 modified composites was the most serious, where shear fracture modes were obvious in addition to layer debonding features. This protocol provides a potential strategy to manufacture of D400 and GO‐modified hierarchical reinforced composites.Highlights The modified 3D MWK glass fabrics based on poly(oxypropylene) diamines (D400) and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared. The compressive properties of 3D desized, D400‐, D400‐GO‐, and GO‐MWK fabrics reinforced epoxy composites were obtained and analyzed at different temperatures of 30°C, 60°C, 120°C, and 150°C. The failure mechanisms of 3D desized, D400‐, D400‐GO‐, and GO‐MWK fabrics reinforced epoxy composites at different temperatures were analyzed.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐plane compressive properties and failure mechanisms of modified three‐dimensional multi‐axial warp knitted fabrics reinforced composites at different temperatures

Wang,

Zuo,

Zou

et al. 2024

“…Nanocomposites, composed of a polymer matrix with nanoscale conductive fillers, have received notable attention as highly advanced and functional materials 1–4 . Among the various nanoscale conductive fillers currently available, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly promising due to their high electrical conductivity and aspect ratio values, forming electrically conductive pathways in nanocomposites 2,5–8 . These remarkable properties of CNTs enable CNT‐incorporated nanocomposites to exhibit outstanding electrical performance, even at low CNT contents 7,9–11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiscale modeling framework for predicting strain‐dependent electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube‐incorporated nanocomposites considering the electron tunneling effect

Kil,

Bae,

Park

et al. 2024

The present work proposes a multiscale modeling framework for predicting the strain‐dependent electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐incorporated nanocomposites considering the electron tunneling effect. A micromechanical model taking into account the waviness of the CNTs is utilized and molecular dynamics simulations estimating changes in distance between CNTs in the polymer matrix are conducted in an attempt to incorporate the electron tunneling effect. A series of numerical parametric studies are carried out to examine the influence of model parameters (e.g., CNT length, number of CNT segments, and intrinsic interfacial resistivity) on the strain‐dependent electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. In addition, CNT/polydimethylsiloxane samples are fabricated and their strain‐dependent electrical conductivity is experimentally evaluated. Finally, to verify the predictive capability of the proposed modeling framework, the present predictions are compared with experimental results.Highlights A multiscale modeling framework of CNT‐incorporated nanocomposites is proposed. A micromechanics model and molecular dynamics simulations are used. The study includes a numerical parametric investigation. The present predictions are compared with those obtained experimentally.

“…These properties 32 include high electrical and thermal conductivity, superior tensile strength, flexibility, and elasticity. 33,34 Above all, since CNTs are carbon derivatives, they are able to absorb microwave radiation and turn it into heat with very high efficiency. [35][36][37][38] When microwaves are applied to the CNT-reinforced polymer matrix, an internal temperature gradient is produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspection of microwave self‐healing efficiency in carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites for aerospace applications

Irez

2024

The aerospace industry is evolving very rapidly every day, and due to the low operational and maintenance costs, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for many duties, including imaging, patrol, surveillance, and delivery. Flying platforms prioritize effective load‐carrying capacity and light weight. To achieve this, lightweight materials with sufficient strength are utilized, and design optimizations are implemented. This study investigates material development for a UAV propeller, taking into account the possible consequences of a bird strike or hard landing such as micro damage occurrence. In this study, a twin‐screw extruder was used to produce hybrid composites by blending a thermoplastic, polyamide‐6 (PA6) with olefin block copolymers (OBC) and carbon nanotubes (CNT). After manufacturing test specimens by injection molding, tensile and Charpy impact tests were performed. OBC increased the elongation capacity and impact resistance of the PA6 through maleic anhydride (MAH) grafting while reducing the tensile strength. CNT incorporation compensated for this drop, but it rendered the composites more brittle. More importantly, due to the CNT's microwave (MW) absorption capacity, the hybrid composites have gained self‐healing properties. Extended MW exposure time and high MW powers may cause localized burning of the material, resulting in a decrease in its self‐healing efficiency. Following the failure of the examined composites, SEM microscopy revealed various toughening mechanisms in the composites. The use of a modified Halpin‐Tsai model to estimate the elastic characteristics of CNT‐reinforced composites revealed promising results, with minimal discrepancies when compared to experimental data.Highlights CNTs were found efficient for the self‐healing behavior which is critical for improving the lifetime and planning maintenance for UAV propellers. CNT content, MW power & exposure time all impact the self‐healing efficiency. Extended MW exposure time and high MW powers can cause localized burning of the material, resulting in a decrease in its self‐healing efficiency. CNTs created bridge effects, ultimately leading to an enhancement in the strength of the composites. The use of a modified Halpin‐Tsai model yielded good accuracy with experimental data.