Interdependent perturbations of the Earth’s surface, atmosphere, and ionosphere

Earthquake and hurricane coupling is ascertained by ground-based laser interferometer and satellite observing techniques

“…The recorded temporal strain-baric variations occupied the period range 5-40 min. The spatial scale of the observed phenomenon covered the Anatolian and Balkan regions that have been approved by the simultaneously recorded ionosphere disturbances that refined from the satellite data processing for this period (Dubrov and Smirnov, 2013).…”

“…Dubrov et al, 2007) and up to 250 km h −1 -nearby the coastal region (Dolgikh et al, 2006). The observed anomalous lithosphere activity (which the earthquake precursors should be attributed to) looks like as interference of the Earth's surface with atmosphere, hydrosphere in- cluding an underground water level (Dubrov et al, 2007), and upper geosphere layers (Dubrov and Smirnov, 2013). From this point of view the coupling of lithosphere activity and powerful processes in the World Ocean is justified and should be taking into account.…”

“…This model could explain the random and stochastic disturbances which are always at any seismic or geodynamic records. But the distinguished features of many anomalous processes in these adjacent and interacting geospheres are the presence of sporadic wave-shape and other extraordinary appearances which are simultaneously recorded both in the lithosphere and in the atmosphere of the Earth eventually if such everyday meteorological interferences as winds, precipitations, and local thermo-mass-exchanges are not accounted (Dubrov et al, 1998). The origins of such kind of sporadic "signals" are not quite clear up to now.…”

“…7) besides the shear seismic waves about of 1 h durations contain intense long-period variations in 20-40 min range. These disturbances being in earth free oscillation frequency band (0.4-0.8 mHz) are excited by the earthquake and they are propagated as well as in the solid Earth and in upper atmosphere and ionosphere up to 400 km height (Dubrov and Smirnov, 2013).…”

“…. 6 h) have been first investigated and analyzed in detail by the synchronous operating and spatial distributed seismo-gravimeters (Petrova and Volkov, 1996), tiltmeters, and laser strainmeters (Dubrov et al, 2000). Measurements fulfilled during the periods of low seismic activity when the disturbances have been observed before strong earthquakes are of great value.…”