Intercellular signalling in mesoderm formation during amphibian development

Smith, James C.; Cunliffe, Vincent T.; Green, J. B. A.; New, Helen

doi:10.1098/rstb.1993.0070

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Activin A induces mesoderm and endoderm from Xenopus undifferentiated presumptive ectoderm in a dosedependent manner, whereas the untreated ectoderm forms an irregular-shaped epidermis (Asashima et al, 1990, Green and Smith 1990, Jones et al, 1993, Smith et al, 1993. At low concentrations of activin A, ventral mesoderm, such as blood-like cells, coelomic epithelium and mesenchyme are induced in the explants (Miyanaga et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of tooth and eye by transplantation of activin A-treated, undifferentiated presumptive ectodermal Xenopus cells into the abdomen

Myoishi¹,

Furue²,

Fukui³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Activin A can induce the Xenopus presumptive ectoderm (animal cap) to form different types of mesoderm and endoderm at different concentrations and the animal cap treated with activin can function as an organizer during early development. The dissociated Xenopus animal cap cells treated with activin form an aggregate and it develops into various tissues in vitro. In this study, to induce jaw cartilage from undifferentiated cells effectively, we developed a culture method to manipulate body patterning in vitro, using activin A and dissociated animal cap cells. An aggregate consisting only of activin A-treated dissociated cells developed into endodermal tissues. However, when activin A-treated cells were mixed with untreated cells at a ratio of 1:5, the aggregate developed cartilage with the maxillofacial regional marker genes, goosecoid, Xenopus Distal-less 4 and X-Hoxa2. When this aggregate was transplanted into the abdominal region of host embryos, maxillofacial structures containing cartilage and eye developed. We raised these embryos to adulthood and found that tooth germ had developed in the transplanted tissue. Here, we show the induction of jaw cartilage, tooth germ and eye structures from animal caps using activin A in the aggregation culture method. This differentiation system will help to promote a better understanding of the regulating mechanisms of body patterning and tooth induction in vertebrates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of tooth and eye by transplantation of activin A-treated, undifferentiated presumptive ectodermal Xenopus cells into the abdomen

Myoishi¹,

Furue²,

Fukui³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…However, the cellular and molecular sequence ranging from the induction mesoderm to the emergence of the earliest committed blood cells from hESCs remains to be defined, which represents a major challenge. Toward the goal of promoting hematopoiesis from hESCs, it may thus be necessary to focus on developmental growth factors known to play critical roles on the induction and differentiation of mesoderm, as well documented in amphibians [19]. In this context, both Activin A and bFGF (AF) appear as prime candidates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Activin A Promotes Hematopoietic Fated Mesoderm Development Through Upregulation of Brachyury in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Cerdan

McIntyre

Mechael

et al. 2012

Stem Cells and Development

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The development of the hematopoietic system involves multiple cellular steps beginning with the formation of the mesoderm from the primitive streak, followed by emergence of precursor populations that become committed to either the endothelial or hematopoietic lineages. A number of growth factors such as activins and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are known to regulate the early specification of hematopoietic fated mesoderm, notably in amphibians. However, the potential roles of these factors in the development of mesoderm and subsequent hematopoiesis in the human have yet to be delineated. Defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which combinations of mesoderm-inducing factors regulate this stepwise process in human cells in vitro is central to effectively directing human embryonic stem cell (hESC) hematopoietic differentiation. Herein, using hESCderived embryoid bodies (EBs), we show that Activin A, but not basic FGF/FGF2 (bFGF), promotes hematopoietic fated mesodermal specification from pluripotent human cells. The effect of Activin A treatment relies on the presence of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and both of the hematopoietic cytokines stem cell factor and fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 ligand, and is the consequence of 2 separate mechanisms occurring at 2 different stages of human EB development from mesoderm to blood. While Activin A promotes the induction of mesoderm, as indicated by the upregulation of Brachyury expression, which represents the mesodermal precursor required for hematopoietic development, it also contributes to the expansion of cells already committed to a hematopoietic fate. As hematopoietic development requires the transition through a Brachyury + intermediate, we demonstrate that hematopoiesis in hESCs is impaired by the downregulation of Brachyury, but is unaffected by its overexpression. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the functional significance of Brachyury in the developmental program of hematopoietic differentiation from hESCs and provide an in-depth understanding of the molecular cues that orchestrate stepwise development of hematopoiesis in a human system.

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“…Dorsal-ventral pattern formation in Drosophila and in vertebrates depends on the activity of a class of growth factor molecules related to transforming growth factor-(3 (TGF-p) (for review, see Green 1993;Smith et al 1993;Kingsley 1994a,b). During vertebrate development, growth factors in the TGF-p superfamily function as morphogens during early axis formation and promote mesodermal differentiation (for review, see Smith et al 1993), suppress neuronal fates during early embryogenesis (Hashimoto et al 1990, Hemmati-Brevanlou andMel ton 1994;Hemmati-Brevanlou et al 1994), contribute to patterning the dorsal region of the neural tube (Basler et al 1993), suppress female sexual development in males (Lee and Donahoe 1993), organize bone morphogenesis (Kingsley et al 1994a,b), promote follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by the pituitary (for review, see ^Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…During vertebrate development, growth factors in the TGF-p superfamily function as morphogens during early axis formation and promote mesodermal differentiation (for review, see Smith et al 1993), suppress neuronal fates during early embryogenesis (Hashimoto et al 1990, Hemmati-Brevanlou andMel ton 1994;Hemmati-Brevanlou et al 1994), contribute to patterning the dorsal region of the neural tube (Basler et al 1993), suppress female sexual development in males (Lee and Donahoe 1993), organize bone morphogenesis (Kingsley et al 1994a,b), promote follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by the pituitary (for review, see ^Corresponding author. Findlay 1993;Hillier and Miro 1993), and stimulate erythropoesis (Murata et al 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo depends on a putative negative growth factor encoded by the short gastrulation gene.

Vincent¹,

Solloway²,

O’Neill³

et al. 1994

Genes Dev.

295

232

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Pattern lormation in the dorsal region of the Drosophila embryo depends on the activity of a small group of zygotically acting genes, dpp, a key gene in this group, encodes a TGF-p-like product (Dpp) that has been proposed to function as a morphogen with peak levels of Dpp-specifying amnioserosa, the dorsal-most cell type, and lower Dpp levels specifying dorsal ectoderm. The short gastrulation gene also contributes to patterning the dorsal region, but unlike the other genes involved in this process, sog activity is only required in ventral cells. Genetic evidence indicates that sog functions to antagonize dpp activity. In this report we present further phenotypic characterization of sog mutant embryos in dorsal and lateral regions and describe the cloning of the sog locus, sog is expressed in a broad lateral stripe of cells that abuts the dorsal territory of dfpp-expressing cells, sog is predicted to encode a protein with an internal signal sequence and a large extracellular domain containing four repeats of a novel motif defined by the spacing of 10 cysteine residues that is distantly related to domains present in thrombospondin and procollagen. We propose that one or more of these cysteine repeats can be liberated by proteolytic cleavage of the primary Sog protein. These putative soluble Sog peptides may then diffuse into the dorsal region to antagonize the activity of Dpp, leading to the subdivision of the dorsal territory into amnioserosa and dorsal ectoderm.[

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Intercellular signalling in mesoderm formation during amphibian development

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Induction of tooth and eye by transplantation of activin A-treated, undifferentiated presumptive ectodermal Xenopus cells into the abdomen

Induction of tooth and eye by transplantation of activin A-treated, undifferentiated presumptive ectodermal Xenopus cells into the abdomen

Activin A Promotes Hematopoietic Fated Mesoderm Development Through Upregulation of Brachyury in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo depends on a putative negative growth factor encoded by the short gastrulation gene.

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