Interannual variability of temperature inversions in the subarctic North Pacific

Masuda, Shuhei; Awaji, Toshiyuki; Sugiura, Nozomi; Toyoda, Takahiro; Ishikawa, Yoichi; Horiuchi, Kazutoshi

doi:10.1029/2006gl027865

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…[20] The fully coupled global GCM we employ is almost the same as that used in the paper by Mochizuki et al [2007b]: The coupled GCM referred to here is actually the Coupled model for the Earth Simulator (CFES), which is composed of the Atmospheric GCM for the Earth Simulator (AFES) [Ohfuchi et al, 2004] and the Ocean-Sea Ice GCM for the Earth Simulator (OIFES) [Masuda et al, 2006]. The AFES component is based on the atmospheric GCM developed by the Center for Climate System Research of the University of Tokyo/Japanese National Institute for Environmental Studies (CCSR/NIES).…”

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the longterm ocean reanalysis data set obtained by Masuda et al [2006] was used to provide background data for regions without observational coverage but was downweighted by 1/5 relative to the actual data in calculating the cost function. The assimilated elements for the atmospheric part were from the PREProcessed data obtained within the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis.…”

Section: Assimilation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this stage, we used the incremental analysis updates (IAU) method [Bloom et al, 1996], that incorporates the temperature and salinity data derived from the previous ocean reanalysis experiment [Masuda et al, 2006] into the model fields covering the target period. We then performed the forecast run for each assimilation window using the oceanic initial conditions obtained by the IAU method to construct the first-guess field subject to 9-month-long assimilation experiments.…”

Section: Assimilation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a four‐dimensional variational coupled data assimilation system for enhanced analysis and prediction of seasonal to interannual climate variations

et al. 2008

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[1] A four-dimensional variational (4D-VAR) data assimilation system using a coupled ocean-atmosphere global model has been successfully developed with the aim of better defining the dynamical states of the global climate on seasonal to interannual scales. The application of this system to state estimations of climate processes during the 1996-1998 period shows, in particular, that the representations of structures associated with several key events in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean sector (such as the El Niño, the Indian Ocean dipole, and the Asian summer monsoon) are significantly improved. This fact suggests that our 4D-VAR coupled data assimilation (CDA) approach has the potential to correct the initial location of the model climate attractor on the basis of observational data. In addition, the coupling parameters that control the air-sea exchange fluxes of mass, momentum, and heat become well adjusted. Such an initialization using the 4D-VAR CDA approach allows us to make a roughly 1.5-year lead time prediction of the 1997-1998 El Niño event. These results demonstrate that our 4D-VAR CDA system has the ability to enhance forecast potential for seasonal to interannual phenomena.

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Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assimilation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assimilation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a four‐dimensional variational coupled data assimilation system for enhanced analysis and prediction of seasonal to interannual climate variations

et al. 2008

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“…Specifically, the regional effects of the Siberian and Arctic high-pressure systems and Aleutian low-pressure systems influence daily temperature (Martyn, 1992;Overland et al, 1999). The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) work at longer timescales and can affect temperature across the state (Bond and Harrison, 2006;Masuda et al, 2006;Combes and Di Lorenzo, 2007). ENSO is a tropical Pacific atmosphere-ocean phenomenon that is responsible for the shorter 1 -2 year El Niño and La Niña events, which generally transfer heat from tropical zones to higher latitudes (McLean et al, 2009).…”

Section: Climate and Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Agriculture for Alaska and the Circumpolar North: Part II. Environmental, Geophysical, Biological and Socioeconomic Challenges

Stevenson¹,

Rader²,

Alessa³

et al. 2014

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Local agriculture, food security and food supply are limited in Alaska, as well as in much of the circumpolar North. These limitations stem from a suite of challenges that have never been well characterized, categorized, or wholly defined. We identify these challenges as being environmental, geophysical, biological, or socioeconomic in nature, noting that some challenges are interrelated. Additionally, Alaska is expansive, and growing conditions are highly variable across different regions and microclimates of the state. Environmental challenges to Alaskan agriculture are generally linked to high latitude and include strong seasonality, a short growing season, cold temperatures, and unpredictable frosts. Geophysical challenges are characterized by a high percentage of soils that are wet and cold or low in natural fertility. Biological challenges include cultivar adaptability and selection; the control of various pests, weeds, and diseases; and decreased microbial activity in cold soils, which can allow pesticides to linger and slow mineralization of organic fertilizers. Socioeconomic challenges to farming in Alaska are especially limiting and may categorically represent the strongest hindrances to agriculture. They often overlap or interact with many of the identified agro-ecological and biogeographic challenges. Major socioeconomic issues can be a relatively low financial incentive or reward for farmers; inconsistent or limited markets; the high cost of land, infrastructure, and inputs; zoning challenges; a lack of cooperatives; and for rural farmers, time conflicts with more traditional means of subsistence food acquisition. These challenges collectively represent factors that limit agriculture in Alaska, and they provide a basis and justification for developing more sustainable solutions.Key words: agriculture, Alaska, challenges, climate, circumpolar, farming, soils, subarctic, sustainable, socioeconomic RÉSUMÉ. En Alaska, l'agriculture locale, la sécurité alimentaire et les approvisionnements en vivres sont limités. C'est également le cas d'une grande partie du Nord circumpolaire. Ces limitations découlent d'un ensemble de défis qui n'ont jamais été bien caractérisés, catégorisés ou entièrement définis. Nous estimons que ces défis sont d'ordre environnemental, géophysique, biologique ou socioéconomique, et que certains des défis sont interreliés. De plus, l'Alaska est d'une grande étendue, et les conditions de croissance varient énormément d'une région à l'autre et d'un microclimat à l'autre de l'État. De manière générale, les défis environnementaux inhérents à l'agriculture alaskienne ont trait à la haute latitude, ce qui comprend une importante saisonnalité, une courte saison de croissance, des températures froides et des gelées imprévisibles. Pour leur part, les défis géophysiques sont caractérisés par un fort pourcentage de sols humides et froids, ou encore, de sols dont la fertilité naturelle est faible, puis les défis d'ordre biologique ont trait à l'adaptabilité et à la sélection des cultiv...

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“…, M. Balmaseda (3) , D. Behringer (4) , J. Carton (5) , N. Ferry (6) , A. Fischer (7) , I. Fukumori (8) , B. Giese (9) , K. Haines (10) , E. Harrison (11) , P. Heimbach (12) , M. Kamachi (13) , C. Keppenne (14) , T. Lee (8) , S. Masina (15) , D. Menemenlis (8) , R. Ponte (16) , E. Remy (6) , M. Rienecker (14) , A. Rosati (17) , J. Schröter (18) , D. Smith (19) , A. Weaver (20) , C. Wunsch (12) , Y. Xue ( (10) (20) …”

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Ocean Information Provided Through Ensemble Ocean Syntheses

Stammer¹,

Köhl²,

Awaji³

et al. 2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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Analyzing ocean variability, understanding its importance for the climate system, and quantifying its socio-economic impacts are among the primary motivations for obtaining ongoing global ocean observations. There are several possible approaches to address these tasks. One with much potential for future ocean information services and for climate predictions is called ocean synthesis, and is concerned with merging all available ocean observations with the dynamics embedded in an ocean circulation model to obtain estimates of the changing ocean that are more accurate than either system alone can provide. The field of ocean synthesis has matured over the last decade. Several global ocean syntheses exist today and can be used to investigate key scientific questions, such as changes in sea level, heat content, or transports. This CWP (Community White Paper) summarizes climate variability as "seen" by several ocean syntheses, describes similarities and differences in these solutions and uses results to highlight developments necessary over the next decade to improve ocean products and services. It appears that multi-model ensemble approaches can be useful to obtain better estimates of the ocean. To make full use of such a system, though, one needs detailed error information not only about data and models, but also about the estimated states. Results show that estimates tend to cluster around methodologies and therefore are not necessarily independent from each other. Results also reveal the impact of a historically under-sampled ocean on estimates of inter-decadal variability in the ocean. To improve future estimates, we need not only to sustain the existing observing system but to extend it to include full-depth Argo-type measurements, enhanced information about boundary currents and transports through key regions, and to keep all important satellite sensors flying indefinitely, including altimetry, gravimetry and ice thickness, microwave SST (Sea Surface Temperature) observations, wind stress measurements and ocean color. We also need to maintain ocean state estimation as an integral part of the ocean observing and information system.

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Interannual variability of temperature inversions in the subarctic North Pacific

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Development of a four‐dimensional variational coupled data assimilation system for enhanced analysis and prediction of seasonal to interannual climate variations

Development of a four‐dimensional variational coupled data assimilation system for enhanced analysis and prediction of seasonal to interannual climate variations

Sustainable Agriculture for Alaska and the Circumpolar North: Part II. Environmental, Geophysical, Biological and Socioeconomic Challenges

Ocean Information Provided Through Ensemble Ocean Syntheses

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