Interactive design of dental implant placements through CAD-CAM technologies: from 3D imaging to additive manufacturing

Abstract

In the field of oral rehabilitation, the combined use of 3D imaging technologies and computer-guided approaches allows the development of reliable tools to be used in preoperative assessment of implant placement. In particular, the accurate transfer of the virtual planning into the operative field through surgical guides represents the main challenge of modern dental implantology. Guided implant positioning allows surgical and prosthetic approaches with minimal trauma by reducing treatment time and decreasing patient’s discomfort. This paper aims at defining a CAD/CAM framework for the accurate planning of flapless dental implant surgery. The system embraces three major applications: (1) freeform modelling, including 3D tissue reconstruction and 2D/3D anatomy visualization, (2) computer-aided surgical planning and customised template modelling, (3) additive manufacturing of guided surgery template. The tissue modelling approach is based on the integration of two maxillofacial imaging techniques: tomographic scanning and surface optical scanning. A 3D virtual maxillofacial model is created by matching radiographic data, captured by a CBCT scanner, and surface anatomical data, acquired by a structured light scanner. The pre-surgical planning process is carried out and controlled within the CAD application by referring to the integrated anatomical model. A surgical guide is then created by solid modelling and manufactured by additive techniques. Two different clinical cases have been approached by inserting 11 different implants. CAD-based planned fixture placements have been transferred into the clinical field by customised surgical guides, made of a biocompatible resin and equipped with drilling sleeves

Porous Titanium Implants: A Review

“…Examples of these systems are constructive solid geometry and boundary representation. [84] Chen et al described the design of bio-mimetic cellular architectures inspired by the cuttlebone. It results in the creation of only regular solids without dangling edges.…”

“…It results in the creation of only regular solids without dangling edges. This methodology integrates computed tomography and surface optical scanning [84] and it was combined with image based design, subsequently described. [76] Luo et al improved the shape and size of dental scaffolds in tooth restoration by using CAD modeling and FEA simulations.…”

Organ Bioprinting: Are We There Yet?

“…This may help the osseointegration process between the implant and the native bone tissues, and enhance the cell growth into the void spaces of the implants. [82] Compared with the conventional manufacturing approaches, printed individualized prosthetics can be fabricated faster at lower cost, which helps a lot for young patients who need to replace their prosthetics frequently as the body grows. [83] The next step in this area would be the creation of living vascularized bone tissues.…”

Current state‐of‐the‐art and future perspectives of the three main modern implant‐dentistry concerns: Aesthetic requirements, mechanical properties, and peri‐implantitis prevention

“…It can also help prevent biological issues, such as peri‐implant disease and irreversible implant damage. Innovations in imaging, computer software development, and three‐dimensional (3D) printing, also known as rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing, have provided the tools for new approaches in implant therapy . The development of new dental implants has been influenced by novel methods based on design software with specialized tools, such as computer‐aided design (CAD), computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM), and computer‐aided engineering (CAE), used to improve the product design process.…”

“…Innovations in imaging, computer software development, and three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing, have provided the tools for new approaches in implant therapy. 9 The development of new dental implants has been influenced by novel methods based on design software with specialized tools, such as computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and computer-aided engineering (CAE), used to improve the product design process. The development of CAD/CAM/CAE technology for the manufacture of implant structures provides good clinical outcomes and very good adjustment, with higher accuracy and lower seating mismatch between the components when compared to conventional methods.…”