Interactive Affection of Pre-Pregnancy Overweight or Obesity, Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Glucose Tolerance Test Characteristics on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Liu, Lin; Lin, Juan; Yan, Jian­ying

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.942271

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In GDM women, excessive gestational weight gain may further increase the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, which was consistent with the present study [38][39][40]. Excessive gestational weight gain could lead to increased insulin resistance and abnormal distribution of adipose tissue, which further contribute to impaired maternal metabolism and unhealthy intrauterine environment [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dietary intakes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective observational study

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Nutritient intake of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is important to ensure satisfactory birth outcomes. The aim of this study is to explore the dietary profiles of patients with GDM, compare the results with the Chinese dietary guidelines or Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) from China and investigate the relationship between maternal dietary intake and pregnancy outcomes. Methods A total of 221 patients with GDM in the second trimester were included in the cohort. Dietary intake data were collected using a 24-hour recall method for 3 consecutive days. Pregnancy outcomes of these participants were followed up. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between dietary intake variables or general characteristics variables and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results Participants with adverse pregnancy outcomes showed lower percentage of dietary energy intake from carbohydrate, iodine and Vitamin D and higher percentage of dietary energy intake from fat compared to participants without adverse pregnancy outcomes. The gestational weight gain and family history of diabetes were associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exercise, the percentage of dietary energy intake from carbohydrate, the intake of iodine and Vitamin D were associated with a decreased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion The daily diet of pregnant women with GDM in China did not meet the dietary guidelines or DRIs. The low dietary carbohydrate ratio and intake of Vitamin D and iodine, family history of diabetes, lack of exercise, and high gestational weight gain were associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dietary intakes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective observational study

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This could be explained by the fact that GDM is not the only factor resulting in fetal macrosomia; other known risk factors are multiparity, older age, previous LGA and a male newborn. In addition, pregnancy weight gain and pre-pregnancy BMI have been shown in previous studies to be related to GDM but also to isolated LGA newborns [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In our cohort, the most noticeable difference among high-risk women with no OGTT and a normal OGTT result was extensive weight gain and a more frequent need for operative delivery due to LGA neonate among the normal OGTT group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Gestational Diabetes and Its Risk Factors: Pregnancy Outcome of Women with Gestational Diabetes Risk Factors According to Glycose Tolerance Test Results

Hanson

Ringmets

Kirss

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can cause maternal and neonatal health problems, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. We assessed the screening of GDM during a 7-year period and compared the outcome of pregnancies at high risk for GDM. Methods: We analyzed non-selected pregnant women (n = 5021) receiving antenatal care in Tartu University Hospital, Estonia in 2012–2018. Pregnant women were classified based on the absence or presence of GDM risk factors as low risk (n = 2302) or high risk for GDM (n= 2719), respectively. The latter were divided into subgroups after the oral glycose tolerance test (OGTT): GDM (n = 423), normal result (n = 1357) and not tested (n = 939). Results: The proportion of women with GDM risk factors increased from 43.5% in 2012 to 57.8% in 2018, and the diagnosis of GDM more than doubled (5.2% vs. 13.7%). Pregnancies predisposed to GDM but with normal OGTT results were accompanied by an excessive gestational weight gain and increased odds to deliver a LGA baby (AOR 2.3 (CI 1.8–3.0)). Conclusions: An increasing number of pregnancies presenting GDM risk factors are diagnosed with GDM. Pregnant women with GDM risk factors are, despite normal OGTT, at risk of increased weight gain and LGA newborns.

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“…Data on 2630 women indicated that EGWG in early pregnancy more severely affects maternal health, while later weight gain impacts a neonate, increasing the risk of a cesarean section, and LGA, regardless of fetal sex and macrosomia, especially in male fetuses [ 92 ]. Another research work revealed that a higher prevalence of macrosomia and LGA in neonates born to mothers with GDM who gained excess weight during pregnancy is additionally increased by concurrent overweight or obesity as well as abnormal results from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [ 93 ].…”

Section: Fetal Programming For Metabolic Diseases In Children Born To...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Insights and Recommendations for Preventing Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Niebrzydowska-Tatus,

Pełech,

Rekowska

et al. 2024

JCM

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Recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy are based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Pregnancy is a risk factor for excessive weight gain and many endocrine problems, making it difficult to return to pre-pregnancy weight and increasing the risk of postpartum obesity and, consequently, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Both excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and obesity are associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, shoulder dystocia, and neonatal macrosomia. In the long term, EGWG is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly from diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and some cancers. This study aims to present recommendations from various societies regarding weight gain during pregnancy, dietary guidance, and physical activity. In addition, we discuss the pathophysiology of this complication and the differential diagnosis in pregnant women with EGWG. According to our research, inadequate nutrition might contribute more significantly to the development of EGWG than insufficient physical activity levels in pregnant women. Telehealth systems seem to be a promising direction for future EGWG prevention by motivating women to exercise. Although the importance of adequate pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy is well known, an increasing number of women gain excessive weight during pregnancy.

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Interactive Affection of Pre-Pregnancy Overweight or Obesity, Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Glucose Tolerance Test Characteristics on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 10 publications

References 79 publications

Dietary intakes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective observational study

Dietary intakes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective observational study

Screening of Gestational Diabetes and Its Risk Factors: Pregnancy Outcome of Women with Gestational Diabetes Risk Factors According to Glycose Tolerance Test Results

Recent Insights and Recommendations for Preventing Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

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