Interactions of Howler Monkeys with Other Vertebrates: A Review

Cristóbal‐Azkarate, Jurgi; Urbani, Bernardo; Asensio, Norberto

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1960-4_6

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Howler monkeys may engage in riverine refuging behavior in order to have the ability to detect potential predators from greater distances than in other forest zones (Matsuda, Tuuga, & Bernard, ) and therefore may have spent more time near the river in order to more effectively avoid predators. Although smaller sympatric monkey species such as the capuchin may be at higher overall predation risk than larger howler monkeys (Cheney & Wrangham, ; di Fiore, ), and sympatric spider monkeys are also at risk of predation (Cristóbal‐Azkarate, Urbani, & Asensio, ), the howler monkeys at LSBRS may be especially likely to engage in riverine refuging behavior due to their energy‐minimization dietary strategy and comparative inability to quickly flee from threats (Milton, ). At LSBRS, known monkey predators including the ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis ), harpy eagle ( Harpia harpyja ), tayra ( Eira barbara ), and dog ( Canis familiaris ) (reviewed in Miller & Treves, ; Raguet‐Schofield, ; reviewed in Cristóbal‐Azkarate et al, ; Molina, ) are found across forest zones, and the howler monkeys howl more frequently in response to potentially threatening species in forest interior compared to anthropogenic forest edge (Bolt et al, ) but did not howl more than expected by chance in riparian zones (Bolt, Russell, et al, ), suggesting that a higher level of vigilance may be necessary when in forest interior at LSBRS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inter‐species interactions among sympatric primates may have additionally affected monkey ranging patterns in this study. Although all three sympatric species found at LSBRS are able to neutrally co‐exist in large fruiting trees such as Ficus species (Cristóbal‐Azkarate et al, ; Haugaasen & Peres, ; A.L. Schreier & L.M.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schreier & L.M. Bolt, unpublished data), mantled howler monkeys are also impacted by the approach or close proximity of white‐faced capuchin and Central American spider monkeys when they are feeding, with howlers typically losing in inter‐species agonistic interactions and being displaced from fruiting trees (Cristóbal‐Azkarate et al, ; Rose et al, ). This negatively impacts howler monkey access to fruit, with howler monkeys likely losing in competitions with other primate species due to their energy‐minimization strategy (Cristóbal‐Azkarate et al, ; Milton, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bolt, unpublished data), mantled howler monkeys are also impacted by the approach or close proximity of white‐faced capuchin and Central American spider monkeys when they are feeding, with howlers typically losing in inter‐species agonistic interactions and being displaced from fruiting trees (Cristóbal‐Azkarate et al, ; Rose et al, ). This negatively impacts howler monkey access to fruit, with howler monkeys likely losing in competitions with other primate species due to their energy‐minimization strategy (Cristóbal‐Azkarate et al, ; Milton, ). In fragmented habitats, competition between howler monkeys and sympatric species is thought be greater than in undisturbed landscapes (Cristóbal‐Azkarate et al, ) due to the smaller size of trees and smaller amount of fruit available in fragments (Arroyo‐Rodriguez & Mandujano, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Down by the riverside: Riparian edge effects on three monkey species in a fragmented Costa Rican forest

et al. 2020

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Rivers represent natural edges in forests, serving as transition zones between landscapes. Natural edge effects are important to study to understand how intrinsic habitat variations affect wildlife as well as the impact of human-induced forest fragmentation. We examined the influence of riparian and anthropogenic edge on mantled howler, white-faced capuchin, Central American spider monkeys, and vegetation structure at La Suerte Biological Research Station (abbreviated as LSBRS), Costa Rica. We predicted lower monkey encounter rate, tree species richness, and median dbh at both edge types compared to interior and that monkeys would show species-specific responses to edge based on size and diet. We expected large, folivorous-frugivorous howler monkeys and small, generalist capuchins would be found at increased density in forest edge, while large, frugivorous spider monkeys would be found at decreased density in forest edge. We conducted population and vegetation surveys along interior, riparian, and anthropogenic edge transects at LSBRS and used GLMM to compare vegetation and monkey encounter rate. Tree species richness and median dbh were higher in forest interior than anthropogenic edge zones. Although spider monkey encounter rate did not vary between forest edges and interior, howler monkeys were encountered at highest density in riparian edge, while capuchins were encountered at highest density in anthropogenic edge. Our results indicate that diverse forest edges have varying effects on biota. Vegetation was negatively affected by forest edges, while monkey species showed species-specific edge preferences.Our findings suggest that riparian zones should be prioritized for conservation in Neotropical forests.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. K E Y W O R D SAlouatta, Ateles, Cebus, edge effects, forest fragmentation, natural forest edge, river edge, tropical rain forest

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Down by the riverside: Riparian edge effects on three monkey species in a fragmented Costa Rican forest

et al. 2020

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“…This success in habitat fragments and in anthropogenic environments appears to be a result of their dietary fl exibility (Crockett 1998 ;Pavelka and Knopff 2004 ), small home ranges and energy-saving behavioral adaptations (Milton 1998 ;Korstjens et al 2010 ), and the absence of big predators in modifi ed habitats (Arroyo-Rodríguez and Dias 2010 ;Cristóbal-Azkarate et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anthropogenic Habitat Modification, Tourist Interactions and Crop-Raiding in Howler Monkeys

2014

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In this chapter, we review how anthropogenic disturbance specifi cally impacts members of the genus Alouatta , one of the most geographically expansive and ecologically fl exible of platyrrhine groups. This report initiates with a brief discussion of the use of matrix landscapes, the effects of ecotourism, and the potential for crop-raiding by howler monkeys. We then present three case studies of howler monkey responses to these challenges. We found that tourism in Suriname leads to greater travel and foraging time and poorer health for A. macconnelli. A. palliata in Costa Rica living in an agricultural matrix respond to habitat modification through active crop-raiding, and A. pigra in Mexico provide an illustration of how to evaluate remnant monkey populations for potential ecotourism. The chapter concludes with recommendations for encouraging shared landscapes with howler monkeys, including ways to minimize crop damage by monkeys and ways to encourage sustainable, conservation-based ecotourism.Resumen En este capítulo, revisamos cómo los disturbios antropogénicos impactan de manera directa a los miembros del género Alouatta , los cuales son platirrinos con una amplia distribución geográfi ca y notable plasticidad ecológica para adaptarse a su entorno. Iniciamos con una breve discusión sobre el uso de la matriz del paisaje, un análisis de los efectos del ecoturismo y el papel de los monos aulladores en el uso de los recursos que contienen los agrosistemas. Presentamos tres casos de estudio en los que se muestra la respuesta de los monos aulladores a estos desafíos. Encontramos que el turismo en Surinam promueve un mayor tiempo de viaje y

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Necropsies disclose a low helminth parasite diversity in periurban howler monkeys

Lopes

Klain

Chaves

et al. 2021

American J Primatol

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Primate-parasite interactions are often investigated via coprological studies given ethical and conservation restrictions of collecting primate hosts. Yet, these studies are inadequate to recover adult helminths for taxonomic identification and to accurately assess their prevalence, intensity, abundance, and site of infection. Fresh carcasses found in anthropogenic landscapes come as informative and reliable alternatives. In this study, we identified the helminths of brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) and their sites of infection, and measured their prevalence, intensity, and abundance of infection. We necropsied 18 adult males, 11 adult females, and 7 juvenile males that died in conflicts with the anthropogenic environment (domestic dog attacks, n = 11; electrocutions and road-kills, n = 10 each; unknown, n = 5) in periurban landscapes of southern Brazil between 2013 and 2019. We found three nematodes (Trypanoxyuris minutus, Dipetalonema gracile, and Parabronema bonnei) and one cestode (Bertiella cf. studeri), a diversity estimated to account for a sampling completeness of 99%. Prevalence ranged from 3% for P. bonnei to 100% for T. minutus. Mean abundance ranged from 2 (D. gracile and B. cf. studeri) to 55,116 (T. minutus) and mean intensity of infection ranged from 4 (B. cf. studeri) to 55,116 (T. minutus). Trypanoxyuris minutus sex ratio was strongly malebiased. The intensity of infection with T. minutus was higher in juvenile males and adult females than in adult males. The low parasite diversity and the helminths' mode of transmission are compatible with howlers' arboreality and folivorous-frugivorous diet. The howlers were not infected with soil-transmitted helminth parasites of humans and domestic animals on the ground and probably did not eat invertebrates to complement the diet. Given the lack of evidence of howler health problems, we suggest that the causes of death of the necropsied howlers are the major threats to the long-term conservation of the species at the study periurban landscapes.

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Interactions of Howler Monkeys with Other Vertebrates: A Review

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Down by the riverside: Riparian edge effects on three monkey species in a fragmented Costa Rican forest

Down by the riverside: Riparian edge effects on three monkey species in a fragmented Costa Rican forest

Anthropogenic Habitat Modification, Tourist Interactions and Crop-Raiding in Howler Monkeys

Necropsies disclose a low helminth parasite diversity in periurban howler monkeys

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