Interactions of C12 surfactants with the skin: Studies on enzyme release and percutaneous absorption in vitro

Down‐regulation of protein kinase C isoforms in irritant contact dermatitis

“…However, although the histological changes and clinical processes are dependent upon the irritant inducing ICD, similar changes in cytokine profiles and in cell-adhesion molecules have been demonstrated for ICD elicited by different irritants, indicating a common pathway in ICD (22)(23)(24). In vivo studies on skin enzyme release have shown that liberation of enzymes, such as acid phosphatase, is a common phenomenon in skin irritated with HCl, NaOH, SDS as well as acetic acid (25,26). Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest a general involvement of phospholipid turnover and activation of PKC in ICD.…”

Down‐regulation of protein kinase C isoforms in irritant contact dermatitis

“…However, although the histological changes and clinical processes are dependent upon the irritant inducing ICD, similar changes in cytokine profiles and in cell-adhesion molecules have been demonstrated for ICD elicited by different irritants, indicating a common pathway in ICD (22)(23)(24). In vivo studies on skin enzyme release have shown that liberation of enzymes, such as acid phosphatase, is a common phenomenon in skin irritated with HCl, NaOH, SDS as well as acetic acid (25,26). Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest a general involvement of phospholipid turnover and activation of PKC in ICD.…”

Down‐regulation of protein kinase C isoforms in irritant contact dermatitis

“…However, although the histological changes and clinical processes are dependent upon the irritant inducing ICD, similar changes in cytokine profiles and in cell-adhesion molecules have been demonstrated for ICD elicited by different irritants, indicating a common pathway in ICD (22)(23)(24). In vivo studies on skin enzyme release have shown that liberation of enzymes, such as acid phosphatase, is a common phenomenon in skin irritated with HCl, NaOH, SDS as well as acetic acid (25,26). Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest a general involvement of phospholipid turnover and activation of PKC in ICD.…”

Down‐regulation of protein kinase C isoforms in irritant contact dermatitis

“…However, although the histological changes and clinical processes are dependent upon the irritant inducing ICD, similar changes in cytokine profiles and in cell-adhesion molecules have been demonstrated for ICD elicited by different irritants, indicating a common pathway in ICD (22)(23)(24). In vivo studies on skin enzyme release have shown that liberation of enzymes, such as acid phosphatase, is a common phenomenon in skin irritated with HCl, NaOH, SDS as well as acetic acid (25,26). Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest a general involvement of phospholipid turnover and activation of PKC in ICD.…”