Interactions Between Insect Vectors and Propagative Plant Viruses

Alviar, Karen B.; Badillo-Vargas, Ismael E.; Whitfield, Anna E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24049-7_6

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Viruses encode a limited number of different proteins and depend on their host cells to provide energy for the synthesis of viral proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, in propagative transmission, the virus invades various insect organs and tissues and replicates in the vector before passing through salivary glands (Barandoc‐Alviar, Badillo‐Vargas, & Whitfield, ; Dietzgen, Mann, & Johnson, ). Therefore, energy requirement is essential for the fulfilment of the different steps of the viral multiplication cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Iranian mosaic virus infection promotes the energy sources of its insect vector, Laodelphax striatellus

Moeini

Tahmasebi

2018

J Applied Entomology

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Maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV, family Rhabdoviridae) causes an important disease in cereal crops in Iran. It is transmitted by the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus in a persistent, propagative manner. In the present study, the effect of MIMV on the energy reserves of L. striatellus was studied by comparing energy contents in viruliferous and non‐viruliferous insects. Results showed that MIMV‐infected male and female adults, and nymphs stored 1.82, 2.24 and 1.7‐fold more total energy reserves than non‐viruliferous individuals. This is consistent with a 2.55‐fold increase of the total energy (sum of energy sources in nymphs and adults) of viruliferous compared to non‐viruliferous specimens. A significant increase in glycogen (2.26‐fold), carbohydrate (2.13‐fold), lipid (1.63‐fold) and protein (1.96‐fold) was documented in viruliferous insects compared to non‐viruliferous insects. Based on these results, we conclude that MIMV enhances the energy reserves of its vector and therefore, may play a vital role in the ecology of L. striatellus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Iranian mosaic virus infection promotes the energy sources of its insect vector, Laodelphax striatellus

Moeini

Tahmasebi

2018

J Applied Entomology

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“…But if neutral to positive effects are considered together (both of these being adaptive for the virus) (Table 3), there is evidence of selection against viruses that reduce vector performance (Table 3). It is particularly notable that C-P-Prop viruses have 21/26 experiments in the neutral or positive categories considering that vectors feeding on C-P-Prop virus-infected plants will also serve as hosts for virus replication (Barandoc-Alviar et al, 2016;Hogenhout et al, 2008). This is evidence of selection for genotypes that maintain or enhance host quality, and against genotypes that are overly pathogenic within vectors feeding on these infected hosts.…”

Section: Host-mediated Effects Of Plant Viruses On Vector Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Determinants of Host and Vector Manipulation by Plant Viruses

Mauck

Chesnais

Shapiro

2018

Advances in Virus Research

126

143

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Plant viruses possess adaptations for facilitating acquisition, retention, and inoculation by vectors. Until recently, it was hypothesized that these adaptations are limited to virus proteins that enable virions to bind to vector mouthparts or invade their internal tissues. However, increasing evidence suggests that viruses can also manipulate host plant phenotypes and vector behaviors in ways that enhance their own transmission. Manipulation of vector-host interactions occurs through virus effects on host cues that mediate vector orientation, feeding, and dispersal behaviors, and thereby, the probability of virus transmission. Effects on host phenotypes vary by pathosystem but show a remarkable degree of convergence among unrelated viruses whose transmission is favored by the same vector behaviors. Convergence based on transmission mechanism, rather than phylogeny, supports the hypothesis that virus effects are adaptive and not just by-products of infection. Based on this, it has been proposed that viruses manipulate hosts through multifunctional proteins that facilitate exploitation of host resources and elicitation of specific changes in host phenotypes. But this proposition is rarely discussed in the context of the numerous constraints on virus evolution imposed by molecular and environmental factors, which figure prominently in research on virus-host interactions not dealing with host manipulation. To explore the implications of this oversight, we synthesized available literature to identify patterns in virus effects among pathogens with shared transmission mechanisms and discussed the results of this synthesis in the context of molecular and environmental constraints on virus evolution, limitations of existing studies, and prospects for future research.

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“…Both viruses are transmitted by Delphacid vectors in a persistent propagative manner (Arneodo et al , 2002; Dumón et al , 2015); hence, throughout the transmission cycle of these viruses, there is a close association between the proteins coded by the virus and vector constituents, based mainly on the specific protein–protein interactions. Current knowledge of the vector components involved in viral infection for persistent propagative viruses is still limited (Barandoc-Alviar et al , 2016). Several molecular studies have focused on evidencing the mechanisms underlying transmission efficiency to develop more efficient strategies of disease control (Hogenhout et al , 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, viral load is known to be directly associated with insect susceptibility (Contamaine et al , 1989; Ziegler & Morales, 1990) and immunity mechanisms play an important role in viral infection of insects vectors (Ammar et al , 2009). Transcriptomic analyses of different insect vectors using high throughput approaches allowed the identification of transcripts that might play a role in viral infection and replication cycle, such as those participating in immune pathways, endocytosis and exocytosis (Barandoc-Alviar et al , 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection with a wheat rhabdovirus causes a reduction inMal de Río Cuarto virustiter in its planthopper vector

Dumón

Argüello

Mattio

et al. 2017

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV, Fijivirus, Reoviridae) causes one of the most important diseases in maize (Zea mays L.) in Argentina and has been detected in mixed infections with a rhabdovirus closely related to Maize yellow striate virus. In nature both viruses are able to infect maize and several grasses including wheat, and are transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). This work describes the interactions between MRCV and rhabdovirus within their natural vector and the consequences of such co-infection regarding virus transmission and symptom expression. First- and third-instar D. kuscheli nymphs were fed on MRCV-infected wheat plants or MRCV-rhabdovirus-infected oat plants, and two latency periods were considered. Transmission efficiency and viral load of MRCV-transmitting and non-transmitting planthoppers were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis (RTqPCR). Vector transmission efficiency was related to treatments (life stages at acquisition and latency periods). Nevertheless, no correlation between transmission efficiency and type of inoculum used to infect insects with MRCV was found. Treatment by third-instar nymphs 17 days after Acquisition Access Period was the most efficient for MRCV transmission, regardless of the type of inoculum. Plants co-infected with MRCV and rhabdovirus showed the typical MRCV symptoms earlier than plants singly infected with MRCV. The transmitting planthoppers showed significantly higher MRCV titers than non-transmitting insects fed on single or mixed inocula, confirming that successful MRCV transmission is positively associated with viral accumulation in the insect. Furthermore, MRCV viral titers were higher in transmitting planthoppers that acquired this virus from a single inoculum than in those that acquired the virus from a mixed inoculum, indicating that the presence of the rhabdovirus somehow impaired MRCV replication and/or acquisition. This is the first study about interactions between MRCV and a rhabdovirus closely related to Maize yellow striate virus in this insect vector (D. kuscheli), and contributes to a better understanding of planthopper-virus interactions and their epidemiological implications.

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Interactions Between Insect Vectors and Propagative Plant Viruses

Cited by 8 publications

References 226 publications

Maize Iranian mosaic virus infection promotes the energy sources of its insect vector, Laodelphax striatellus

Maize Iranian mosaic virus infection promotes the energy sources of its insect vector, Laodelphax striatellus

Evolutionary Determinants of Host and Vector Manipulation by Plant Viruses

Co-infection with a wheat rhabdovirus causes a reduction inMal de Río Cuarto virustiter in its planthopper vector

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