Interactions between Helicobacter pylori infection and host metabolic homeostasis: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The microbiota actively and extensively participates in the regulation of human metabolism, playing a crucial role in the development of metabolic diseases. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), when colonizing gastric epithelial cells, not only induces local tissue inflammation or malignant transformation but also leads to systemic and partial changes in host metabolism. These shifts can be mediated through direct contact, toxic components, or indirect immune responses. Consequently, they influence various molecular metabolic events that impact nutritional status and iron absorption in the host. Unraveling the intricate and diverse molecular interaction links between H. pylori and human metabolism modulation is essential for understanding pathogenesis mechanisms and developing targeted treatments for related diseases. However, significant challenges persist in comprehensively understanding the complex association networks among H. pylori itself, the infected host's status, the host microbiome, and the immune response. Previous metabolomics research has indicated that H. pylori infection and eradication may selectively shape the metabolite and microbial profiles of gastric lesions. Yet, it remains largely unknown how these diverse metabolic pathways, including isovaleric acid, cholesterol, fatty acids, and phospholipids, specifically modulate gastric carcinogenesis or affect the host's serum metabolism, consequently leading to the development of metabolic‐associated diseases. The direct contribution of H. pylori to metabolisms still lacks conclusive evidence. In this review, we summarize recent advances in clinical evidence highlighting associations between chronic H. pylori infection and metabolic diseases, as well as its potential molecular regulatory patterns.

The Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index in US Adults: a restrospective cross-sectional study

“…However, how these different metabolic pathways, including isopentanoic acid, cholesterol, fatty acids, and phospholipids, specifically regulate the occurrence of gastric cancer or affect the host's serum metabolism, thereby leading to the development of metabolic-related diseases, remains largely unknown [33].…”

Helicobacter pylori infection alters gastric microbiota structure and biological functions in patients with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer

“…pylori aid in its adherence to the gastric mucosa, while the secretion of urease helps to create an alkaline environment locally and neutralize the surrounding gastric acid. In addition, an increasing number of studies reveal the presence of variable microbial communities within the stomach[ 3 , 4 ]. A balanced gastrointestinal microbiota sustains health, with the normal microbiota involved in protein metabolism, the synthesis of various vitamins, and the absorption of minerals.…”