Interactions between birds and flowers of <i>Rhododendron</i> spp., and their implications for mountain communities in Nepal

Ollerton, Jeff; Koju, Narayan Prasad; Maharjan, Sanu Raja; Bashyal, Bijay

doi:10.1002/ppp3.10091

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Te study showed highest Importance Value Index (IVI) of Tsuga dumosa, Rhododendron species, and Shima wallichi was the highest in Kalobhir, Bolde Setidevi, and Simpani CF respectively because these are the most preferred species of users group. Te Rhododendron spp, Abies spectabilis and Juniper spp are dominating tree species in high altitude area [45,46] but Schima wallichi is dominant species in midhills [47,48]. Te IVI is determined the by species dominance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Sustainability in Community Forests: A Study from Dolakha District, Nepal

Bahadur

Mandal

Sumitra

2023

International Journal of Forestry Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sustainability in community forest (CF) is a very important issue but study regarding this is limited in Nepal. Thus, this research study was objectively conducted to assess the sustainability index including socioeconomic contribution and biodiversity status of tree species in Simpani, Bolde Setidevi, and Kalobhir community forests of Dolakha district. A total of 83 sample plots were established to collect the biophysical data. The sustainability index for overall and individual criteria was assessed on the basis of scoring provided by the community forest user groups (CFUGs). The study showed that there were 87% Braman and Chhetri in Simpani CF and their representation was 91% in the executive committee, and similar status was seen in Bolde Setidevi and Kalobhir CFs. The highest number of households were 29 receiving benefits from the timber in 2016/17. They used roughly 164.9 m3 wood from Kalobhir CF. The highest total income was US$1495 in 2016/17 in Simpani CF, but expenditure was the highest, US$1817 in 2017/18, in Bolde Setidevi CF. There was 6308 regeneration per ha in Simpani CF but growing stock was the highest, 177.7 m3/ha, in Bolde Setidevi CF. The Shannon Wiener index was the highest, 0.92 ± 0.087, in Bolde Setidevi CF. One-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in values of the Shannon Wiener index and evenness index of the three community forests since p value is <0.05. The importance value index (IVI) value of Schima wallichi (63.51), Rhododendron species (48.61), and Tsuga dumosa (81.50) was found to be the highest in the Simpani, Bolde Setidevi, and the Kalobhir community forest, respectively. The overall sustainability index of Simpani, Bolde Setidevi, and Kalobhir CFs was found to be 0.61, 0.67, and 0.58, respectively. The score of extent of forest resource was found to be highest (0.82) in Bolde Setidevi CF and this score of institutional framework and governance was the lowest (0.52) in Kalobhir CF. This research study will be used to determine the sustainability in community forests.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Sustainability in Community Forests: A Study from Dolakha District, Nepal

Bahadur

Mandal

Sumitra

2023

International Journal of Forestry Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The red morphs with large showy flowers produce large amounts of relatively diluted nectar, which is rich in phenolics; these traits follow ornithophily ( Faegri and van der Pijl, 1979 ). In Langtang National Park, Central Himalaya, Nepal, several species of birds have been recorded to visit R. arboreum mainly for nectar consumption ( Ollerton et al., 2020 ). In our work, the Chestnut-crowned laughing thrush, Streaked laughingthrush, and Himalayan bulbul were the most frequent pollinators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in R. arboreum , there is a noticeable difference in floral color at different elevations. At lower altitudes, the trees exclusively bear red flowers, and those at higher altitudes, the trees bear pink flowers ( Ollerton et al., 2020 ). However, whether these color morphs differ in other reproductive traits as well, has not been investigated so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contradistinctive floral attributes, pollination guilds and their consequence on the outcrossing rate in two elevational morphs of Rhododendron arboreum Sm.

Sorokhaibam,

Chandra,

Baishya

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infraspecific floral trait variations may appear in response to elevational differences in alpine plant species. There is enormous information on the selection of such morphs mediated by biotic and/or abiotic variables. Whether such differences contribute to differences in reproductive strategy and mating outcomes is rarely investigated. We investigated these aspects in two distinct elevational floral morphs (Red and Pink) of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. in Western Himalaya. The red morphs occupy the lower elevations while pink morphs the higher elevations. The two morphs differ in floral traits like phenology, dimension, display, quality of floral rewards, and pollinators that happen to influence interaction with available pollinator pool at each elevation. The pink morph exhibits entomophily, while the red ones show ornithophily. Although experimental pollinations established that both the morphs are self-compatible, selfing results in significantly lower fruit-set than either cross- or open-pollinations. The outcrossing rate in the red morph, as determined by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, was higher (tm=0.82) than that in the pink morph (tm=0.76), with a tendency of the latter to be shifting towards mixed-mating strategy. However, the extent of biparental inbreeding was comparable among the two morphs. It is inferred that the differences in the mating outcomes among the morphs in the tree species are linked to those emerging from floral traits and the pollination by different functional groups of floral visitors.

show abstract

“…This includes the radiations of Erica in South Africa (Pirie et al, 2011), Styphelioideae in Australia (Johnson, 2013), and Rhododendron in the Himalayas. In the case of Rhododendron , many species are red‐flowered and pollinated by passerine birds (Huang et al, 2017; Ollerton et al, 2020). Curiously, members of the East Asian genus Agapetes G.Don (Vaccinioideae) also possess pendant, red flowers that are presumably not easily accessed by passerine birds and therefore seem to require a hovering vector for effective pollination (Figure 1M).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of Ericaceae flowers and their pollination syndromes at a global scale

Kriebel

Rose

Bastide

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PREMISE OF THE STUDYFloral evolution in large clades is difficult to study not only because of the number of species involved, but also because they often are geographically widespread and include a diversity of outcrossing pollination systems. The cosmopolitan blueberry family (Ericaceae) is one such example, most notably pollinated by bees and multiple clades of nectarivorous birds.METHODSWe combined data on floral traits, pollination ecology, and geography with a comprehensive phylogeny to examine the structuring of floral diversity across pollination systems and continents. We focused on ornithophilous systems to test the hypothesis that some Old World Ericaceae were pollinated by now‐extinct hummingbirds.KEY RESULTSDespite some support for floral differentiation at a continental scale, we found a large amount of variability within and among landmasses, due to both phylogenetic conservatism and parallel evolution. We found support for floral differentiation in anther and corolla traits across pollination systems, including among different ornithophilous systems. Corolla traits show inconclusive evidence that some Old World Ericaceae were pollinated by hummingbirds, while anther traits show stronger evidence. Some major shifts in floral traits are associated with changes in pollination system, but shifts within bee systems are likely also important.CONCLUSIONSStudying the floral evolution of large, morphologically diverse, and widespread clades is feasible. We demonstrate that continent‐specific radiations have led to widespread parallel evolution of floral morphology. We show that traits outside of the perianth may hold important clues to the ecological history of lineages.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

show abstract

Interactions between birds and flowers of Rhododendron spp., and their implications for mountain communities in Nepal

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of Sustainability in Community Forests: A Study from Dolakha District, Nepal

Assessment of Sustainability in Community Forests: A Study from Dolakha District, Nepal

Contradistinctive floral attributes, pollination guilds and their consequence on the outcrossing rate in two elevational morphs of Rhododendron arboreum Sm.

The evolution of Ericaceae flowers and their pollination syndromes at a global scale

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About