Interactions Among Three Trophic Levels: Influence of Plants on Interactions Between Insect Herbivores and Natural Enemies

Price, Peter W.; Bouton, Carl E.; Gross, Paul M.; McPheron, Bruce A.; Thompson, John N.; Weis, Arthur E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000353

Cited by 2,055 publications

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References 116 publications

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“…Most researchers now agree that natural enemies of arthropod herbivores, such as parasitoids and predators, must also be considered in models examining the evolution of direct defense strategies in plants (Price et al 1980). This approach has generally argued that natural enemies, by regulating herbivore populations, can act as important selective agents by reducing the need for plants to invest in chemical defenses when these are costly to maintain (van Dam et al 2000;Ode et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Insect Herbivore and its Pupal Parasitoid Reflect Differences in Direct Plant Defense

et al. 2007

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In nature, plants defend themselves by production of allelochemicals that are toxic to herbivores. There may be considerable genetic variation in the expression of chemical defenses because of various selection pressures. In this study, we examined the development of the small cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, and its gregarious pupal ectoparasitoid, Pteromalus puparum, when reared on three wild populations (Kimmeridge, Old Harry, Winspit) of cabbage, Brassica oleracea, and a Brussels sprout cultivar. Wild plant populations were obtained from seeds of plants that grow naturally along the south coast of Dorset, England. Significant differences in concentrations of allelochemicals (glucosinolates) were found in leaves of plants damaged by P. rapae. Total glucosinolate concentrations in Winspit plants, the population with the highest total glucosinolate concentration, were approximately four times higher than in the cultivar, the strain with the lowest total glucosinolate concentration. Pupal mass of P. rapae and adult body mass of Pt. puparum were highest when reared on the cultivar and lowest when developing on Kimmeridge plants, the wild strain with the lowest total glucosinolate concentration. Development of male parasitoids was also more negatively affected than female parasitoids. Our results reveal that plant quality, at least for the development of 'adapted' oligophagous herbivores, such as P. rapae, is not based on total glucosinolate content. The only glucosinolate compound that corresponded with the performance of P. rapae was the indole glucosinolate, neoglucobrassicin. Our results show that performance of ectoparasitoids may closely reflect constraints on the development of the host.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Insect Herbivore and its Pupal Parasitoid Reflect Differences in Direct Plant Defense

et al. 2007

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“…Since predatory bugs can also feed on plants (Stoner, 1970;Moreira et al, 1996Moreira et al, /1997, this behavior can affect their development through the ingestion of deleterious substances from resistant plants (Price et al, 1980;Bozer et al, 1996;Traugott & Stamp, 1997). As a consequence, adult longevity of this bug may be shorter and their fecundity and predation capacity could be lower on resistant plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive characteristics of the predator Podisus nigrispinus fed with an insect resistant soybean variety

Neto

Zanúncio

Picanço

et al. 2002

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the insect resistant soybean genotype IAC 17 on reproductive characteristics of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) females compared to the soybean insect susceptible genotype UFV 16. Treatments were: T1) females of P. nigrispinus fed on plants of the UFV 16 and Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillars reared on leaves of this variety; T2) females of P. nigrispinus fed on plants of the IAC 17 and A. gemmatalis caterpillars reared on leaves of this variety. Longevity of females, pre-oviposition, oviposition and pos-oviposition periods, number of eggs and egg masses/ female, egg weight, interval between egg mass laying, number of eggs/egg mass, percentage of nymphs, number of nymphs/female and total number of prey killed/female of P. nigrispinus were evaluated. Most of the characteristics evaluated showed similar results between treatments, but the oviposition period was longer for females reared on the resistant genotype than on the susceptible one and the percentage of total females that laid eggs was lower on the IAC 17. Also, the resistant genotype caused higher mortality of P. nigrispinus females at the beginning of its adult stage and egg production by females of this predator was better spread along its adult stage with this resistant genotype. On the other hand, results suggest no effect of the resistant genotype on the offspring of this predator.Index terms: Anticarsia gemmatalis, insects, reproduction, biological control, pest control. Características reprodutivas do predador Podisus nigrispinus alimentado com variedade de soja resistente a insetosResumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do genótipo IAC 17, resistente a insetos, nas características reprodutivas de fêmeas de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), utilizando o genótipo susceptível UFV 16 como controle. Os tratamentos foram: T1) fêmeas de P. nigrispinus alimentadas com plantas de UFV 16 e lagartas de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), criadas em folhas desta cultivar; T2) fêmeas de P. nigrispinus alimentadas com plantas de IAC 17, e lagartas de A. gemmatalis, criadas em folhas desta cultivar. Avaliou-se a longevidade das fêmeas, períodos de pré-oviposição, oviposição e pós-oviposição, número de ovos e de posturas/fêmea, peso dos ovos, intervalo entre posturas, número de ovos/postura, porcentagem de ovos eclodidos, número de ninfas/fêmea e número total de presas mortas/fêmea de P. nigrispinus. A maioria das características avaliadas mostrou resultados semelhantes entre tratamentos, exceto o período de oviposição, que foi mais longo para fêmeas criadas no genótipo resistente que no susceptí-vel, e a porcentagem de fêmeas que ovipositaram antes de morrer, que foi menor na IAC 17. Além disso, o genótipo IAC 17 causou maior mortalidade de fêmeas de P. nigrispinus no início de sua fase adulta e distribuição mais uniforme da produção de ovos ao longo do período adulto desse predado...

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“…The observed varietal differences can be ascribed mainly to differences between the Japanese and American varieties. Plant architecture, including the size and growth form, is known to influence arthropod abundance and diversity on plants (e.g., Andow and Prokrym, 1990;Lawton, 1983;Price et al, 1980;Rudgers and Whitney, 2006), and Price et al (1995) suggested correlations between plant size and insect abundance. Buckelew et al (2000) reported that soybean plant height and leaf area were positively correlated with the abundance of some canopy insects and negatively correlated with that of others in GMHT and conventional plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the effects of cultivating genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant varieties of soybeans (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) on populations of field arthropods

Imura

Shi

Iimura

et al. 2010

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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We assessed the effects of cultivating two genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-tolerant soybean varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) derived from Event 40-3-2 and a Japanese conventional variety on arthropods under field conditions, with weed control using glyphosate and conventional weed control for two years. Plant height and dry weight of the conventional variety were significantly larger than those of the GM varieties, but the GM varieties bore more pods than the conventional variety. We found arthropods of nine taxonomic orders (Araneae, Acari, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera) on the plants. The arthropod incidence (number per plant unit weight pooled for each taxonomic order) on the soybean stems and leaves generally did not differ significantly between the GM and conventional varieties. However, the incidence of Thysanoptera and total incidence (all orders combined) were greater on the GM variety in the second year. The weed control regimes had no significant influence on the arthropod incidence on the soybean stems and leaves. The number of flower-inhabiting Thysanoptera (the dominant arthropod in the flowers) was not significantly different between the GM and conventional varieties. Asphondylia yushimai (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) was more numerous on the pods of the GM variety in both years. Neither the soybean variety nor the weed control regime significantly affected the density of soil macro-organisms. However, the glyphosate weed control affected arthropods between the rows of plants by decreasing the abundances of Homoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, and diversity of arthropods.

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Interactions Among Three Trophic Levels: Influence of Plants on Interactions Between Insect Herbivores and Natural Enemies

Cited by 2,055 publications

References 116 publications

Development of an Insect Herbivore and its Pupal Parasitoid Reflect Differences in Direct Plant Defense

Development of an Insect Herbivore and its Pupal Parasitoid Reflect Differences in Direct Plant Defense

Reproductive characteristics of the predator Podisus nigrispinus fed with an insect resistant soybean variety

Assessing the effects of cultivating genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant varieties of soybeans (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) on populations of field arthropods

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