Interaction between muscle temperature and contraction velocity affects mechanical efficiency during moderate-intensity cycling exercise in young and older women

Bell, Martin; Ferguson, Richard A.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91654.2008

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A number of studies have investigated the laboratory practice of recording these measures [19,23,28,32], the impact of training status and interventions [1,7,15,16,17,26], gender [3,18], and adaptations that could result in improved efficiency [5,9,12,24,25,33]. Furthermore, it is suggested that there are potential performance benefits of improved efficiency as Jeukendrup and& Martin [21] calculated that increasing gross efficiency by 1%, for a 70 kg cyclist who can maintain a power output of 400 W for 1 h, would result in a 48s improvement for a timetrial over 40 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Gross Efficiency during Long Duration Submaximal Cycling Following a Short-term High Carbohydrate Diet

et al. 2013

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This version is made available in accordance with publishers' policies. All material made available by CReaTE is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law.Contact: create.library@canterbury.ac.uk Improved gross efficiency during long duration submaximal cycling following a short-term high carbohydrate diet To assess the effect of short-term dietary manipulation on gross efficiency, 15 trained male cyclists (V O2max 56.3±7.0ml . kg -1. min -1 ,mean±SD) completed 3 x 2-hour tests at a submaximal exercise intensity (60% Power at V O2max). Using a randomised, crossover design participants consumed an isocalorific diet (~4000kcal . day -1 ) in the 3-days preceding each test, that was either high in carbohydrate (HighCHO, [70%carbohydrate, 20%fat, 10%protein]), low in carbohydrate (LowCHO, [70%fat, 20%carbohydrate, 10%protein]) or contained a moderate amount of carbohydrate (ModCHO, [45%carbohydrate, 45%fat, 10%protein). Gross efficiency (GE) along with blood lactate and glucose were assessed every 30mins, and heart rate was measured at 5second intervals throughout the test. Mean GE was significantly greater following the HighCHO diet than the ModCHO diet (HighCHO=20.4%±0.1%, Mod CHO=19.6±0.2%;P<0.001). Additionally, HighCHO GE was significantly greater after 25mins and 85mins than in the Low CHO Condition (P=0.015;P=0.021). Heart rate responses in the HighCHO condition were significantly lower than during the LowCHO tests (P=0.005). Dietary manipulation had no effect on blood glucose or blood lactate during exercise (P>0.05). In conclusion, significant differences in gross efficiency were obtained following alteration of participants' diet in the 3-days preceding assessment. This suggests that before the measurement of gross efficiency takes place, participants' diet should be carefully controlled and monitored to ensure the validity of the results obtained. To assess the effect of dietary manipulation on gross efficiency (GE), 15 trained male cyclists completed 3 x 2 hour tests at a submaximal exercise intensity (60% Maximal Minute Power). Using a randomized, crossover design participants consumed an isoenergetic diet (~4000 kcal.day-1) in the 3 days preceding each test, that was either high in carbohydrate (HighCHO, [70% of the total energy derived from carbohydrate, 20% fat, 10% protein]), low in carbohydrate (LowCHO, [70% fat, 20% carbohydrate, 10% protein]) or contained a moderate amount of carbohydrate (ModCHO, [45% carbohydrate, 45% fat, 10% protein). GE along with blood lactate and glucose were assessed every 30 minutes, and heart rate was measured at 5 second intervals throughout. Mean GE was significantly greater following the HighCHO than the ModCHO diet (HighCHO=20.4% ± 0.1%, ModCHO=19.6 ± 0.2%;P<0.001). Additionally, HighCHO GE was significantly greater after 25mins (P=0.015) and 85mins (P=0.021) than in the LowCHO condition. Heart rate responses in the HighCHO condition were significantly lower than during the LowCHO...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Gross Efficiency during Long Duration Submaximal Cycling Following a Short-term High Carbohydrate Diet

et al. 2013

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“…23.9% for older and young, respectively). Other researchers (Bell & Ferguson, 2009;Hopker et al, 2013;Peiffer, Abbiss, Sultana, Bernard, & Brisswalter, 2016;Sacchetti et al, 2010), who did not control either power output or cadence, reported similar trends indicating older adults had 4-18% poorer efficiency compared to young adults during submaximal cycling. Our age-related differences in metabolic cost of cycling are lower compared to those reported for walking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…These chosen cadences also fell within the range of cadences (i.e. 40-120 rpm) used in previous research investigating mechanical and physiological efficiency in older cyclists (Bell & Ferguson, 2009;Hopker et al, 2013;Sacchetti et al, 2010). Pilot testing of these power output-cadence conditions revealed these conditions were challenging and yet achievable for recreationally active older men.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Age, Power Output, and Cadence on Energy Expenditure and Lower Limb Antagonist Muscle Coactivation During Cycling

Buddhadev¹,

Martin²

2019

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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It is unknown if higher antagonist muscle co-activation is a factor contributing to higher energy cost of cycling in older adults. We determined how age, power output, and cadence affect metabolic cost and lower extremity antagonist muscle co-activation during submaximal cycling. Thirteen young and 12 older male cyclists completed 6-minute trials at four power output-cadence conditions (75W-60rpm, 75W-90rpm, 125W-60rpm, and 125W-90rpm) while electromyography (EMG) and oxygen consumption were measured. Knee and ankle co-activation indices were calculated using vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior EMG data. Net rate of energy cost of cycling was higher in older compared to young cyclists at 125W (p=0.002) and at 90rpm (p=0.026). No age-related differences were observed in the magnitude or duration of co-activation about the knee or ankle (p>0.05). Our results indicated knee and ankle co-activation is not a substantive factor contributing to higher energy cost of cycling in older adults. AbstractIt is unknown if higher antagonist muscle co-activation is a factor contributing to higher energy

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“…The differences between genders seem to fundamentally occur due to the body size and composition. Although the composition of the muscle fibers is similar in both genders (7,28) , the volume of each fiber seems to be greater in men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Bell and Ferguson (28) showed in young women, high correlations of the type I myosin heavy chain in 60 and 75 revolutions per minute in cycle ergometer (r = 0.80 and r = 0.84, respectively), when confronted with the mechanical efficiency. These cadences were similar to the ones applied in the present investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Resposta da cinética de consumo de oxigênio e da eficiência mecânica delta de homens e mulheres em diferentes intensidades de esforço

Cerqueira¹,

Nogueira²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction and objective: Delta efficiency (DE) and oxygen uptake kinetics (K O 2 ) are influenced by muscle metabolic parameters and oxygen transport. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in DE and K O 2 in three effort intensities in both genders. Methods: Fifty-six subjects (26 women) were submitted to a graded maximal exercise test (GXT) on cycle ergometer to determine the maximum oxygen uptake ( O 2max ), maximal power output (W max ), anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP). The AT and RCP were determined using the V-slope and E / O 2 methods; the RCP using the relationship O 2 versus E both by two investigators. The DE and K O 2 have been considered as a slope between O 2 versus Watts and O 2 versus time (s), respectively, from the beginning of test until AT (S 1 ), from AT to RCP (S 2 ) and from RCP to O 2max (S 3 ), determined by linear regression analysis. Results: Regarding DE, significant differences were observed between S 1 versus S 2 (p = 0.001), S 1 versus S 3 (p = 0.001) and S 2 versus S 3 (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference (p = 0.060) or interaction (p = 0.062) between men and women. For K O 2 , significant differences were observed between S 1 versus S 3 (p = 0.001) and S 2 versus S 3 (p = 0.001) in both genders. Significant differences (p = 0.001) and interaction (p = 0.006) were observed between men and women, in the last parameter. Conclusions: DE decreases with increasing intensity of power output, but there are no differences when comparing men and women. On the other hand, women present faster K O 2 than men.

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Interaction between muscle temperature and contraction velocity affects mechanical efficiency during moderate-intensity cycling exercise in young and older women

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Improved Gross Efficiency during Long Duration Submaximal Cycling Following a Short-term High Carbohydrate Diet

Improved Gross Efficiency during Long Duration Submaximal Cycling Following a Short-term High Carbohydrate Diet

Effects of Age, Power Output, and Cadence on Energy Expenditure and Lower Limb Antagonist Muscle Coactivation During Cycling

Resposta da cinética de consumo de oxigênio e da eficiência mecânica delta de homens e mulheres em diferentes intensidades de esforço

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