Interacting spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Sun, Kuei; Qu, Chunlei; Xu, Yong; Zhang, Yongping; Zhang, Chuanwei

doi:10.1103/physreva.93.023615

Cited by 74 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Experimentally, spin-orbit coupling for spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) has been realized recently [29,30] and interesting magnetism physics has been observed [31][32][33][34][35]. Mathematically, it is well known that there exist not only spin vectors, but also spin tensors [e.g., irreducible rank-2 spin-quadrupole tensor N ij = (F i F j + F j F i ) /2 − δ ij F 2 /3] in a large spin (≥ 1) system.…”

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“…Since the BEC wavefunction in the y and z directions is not affected by the Raman lasers, we can consider the physics only along the x direction [33][34][35]. After a unitary transformation U = exp(−i2k R xF 2 z ) to quasimomentum basis, we write the Hamiltonian in energy and momentum units k 2 R 2m and k R , respectively, as…”

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“…The interaction strengths g 0,2 represent density and spin interactions in spinor condensates [39, 40], respectively. F U = U † FU is the unitarily transformed spin operator, whose x and y components exhibit spatial modulation that cannot be eliminated through any local spin rotation (different from previous models [33][34][35] to find the ground state, with |c 1 | 2 +|c 2 | 2 = 1, and spinors χ j = (cos θ j cos φ j , − sin θ j , cos θ j sin φ j )T . The energy density now becomes a functional of eight variational parameters |c 1 |, k 1 , k 2 , θ 1 , θ 2 , φ 1 , φ 2 , and α, and its minimization (ε g = min{ε}) leads to the ground state [41].…”

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Spin-Tensor–Momentum-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates

2017

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The recent experimental realization of spin-orbit coupling for ultracold atomic gases provides a powerful platform for exploring many interesting quantum phenomena. In these studies, spin represents spin vector (spin-1/2 or spin-1) and orbit represents linear momentum. Here we propose a scheme to realize a new type of spin-tensor-momentum coupling (STMC) in spin-1 ultracold atomic gases. We study the ground state properties of interacting Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with STMC and find interesting new types of stripe superfluid phases and multicritical points for phase transitions. Furthermore, STMC makes it possible to study quantum states with dynamical stripe orders that display density modulation with a long tunable period and high visibility, paving the way for direct experimental observation of a new dynamical supersolid-like state.. Our scheme for generating STMC can be generalized to other systems and may open the door for exploring novel quantum physics and device applications.Introduction.-The coupling between matter and gauge field plays a crucial role for many fundamental quantum phenomena and practical device applications in condensed matter [1][2][3] and atomic physics [4]. A prominent example is the spin-orbit coupling, the coupling between a particle's spin and orbit (e.g., momentum) degrees of freedom, which is responsible for important physics such as topological insulators and superconductors [2,3]. In this context, recent experimental realization of spin-orbit coupling in ultracold atomic gases [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] opens a completely new avenue for investigating quantum many-body physics under gauge field [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].So far in most works on spin-orbit coupling in solid state and cold atomic systems, the spin degrees of freedom are taken as rank-1 spin vectors F i (i = x, y, z), such as electron spin-1/2 or pseudospins formed by atomic hyperfine states that can be large (e.g., spin-1 or 3/2). Experimentally, spin-orbit coupling for spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) has been realized recently [29,30] and interesting magnetism physics has been observed [31][32][33][34][35]. Mathematically, it is well known that there exist not only spin vectors, but also spin tensors [e.g., irreducible rank-2 spin-quadrupole tensorin a large spin (≥ 1) system. Therefore two natural questions are: i ) Can the coupling between spin tensors of particles and their linear momenta be realized in experiments? ii ) What new physics may emerge from such spin-tensor-momentum coupling (STMC)?In this Letter, we address these two questions by proposing a simple experimental scheme for realizing STMC for spin-1 ultracold atomic gases. Our scheme is based on slight modification of previous experimental setup [29] and is experimentally feasible. The STMC changes the band structure dramatically, leading to interesting new physics in the presence of many-body interactions between atoms. Although both bosons and fermions can be studied, here we only consider spi...

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Spin-Tensor–Momentum-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates

2017

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“…First, the ground state of the SO-coupled BEC breaks rotational symmetry, and the excitation spectrum above the ground state has an anisotropic characteristic form with a roton minimum [27][28][29][30]. Because of this feature, the Landau critical velocity and excitation properties depend on the direction of obstacle motion.…”

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Moving obstacle potential in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate

2017

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We investigate the dynamics around an obstacle potential moving in the plane-wave state of a pseudospin-1/2 Bose-Einstein condensate with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We numerically investigate the dynamics of the system and find that it depends not only on the velocity of the obstacle but also significantly on the direction of obstacle motion, which are verified by a Bogoliubov analysis. The excitation diagram with respect to the velocity and direction is obtained. The dependence of the critical velocity on the strength of the spin-orbit coupling and the size of the obstacle is also investigated.

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Spin‐1 Bose Hubbard Model with Nearest Neighbour Extended Interaction

Nabi

Basu

2017

Annalen der Physik

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A spinor (F = 1) Bose gas is studied in presence of a density-density interaction through a mean field approach and a perturbation theory for either sign of the spin dependent interaction, namely the antiferromagnetic (AF) and the ferromagnetic cases. In the AF case, the charge density wave (CDW) phase appears to be sandwiched between the Mott insulating (MI) and the supersolid phases for small values of the extended interaction strength. But the CDW phase completely occupies the MI lobe when the extended interaction strength is larger than a certain critical value related to the width of the MI lobes and hence opens up the possibilities of spin singlet and nematic CDW insulating phases. In the ferromagnetic case, the phase diagram shows similar features as that of the AF case and are in complete agreement with a spin-0 Bose gas. The perturbation expansion calculations nicely corroborate the mean field phase results in both these cases. Further, we extend our calculations in presence of a harmonic confinement and obtained the momentum distribution profile that is related to the absorption spectra in order to distinguish between different phases.

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Interacting spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Cited by 74 publications

References 54 publications

Spin-Tensor–Momentum-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates

Spin-Tensor–Momentum-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates

Moving obstacle potential in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate

Spin‐1 Bose Hubbard Model with Nearest Neighbour Extended Interaction

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