Inter-turn fault detection in power transformer using fuzzy logic

Power transformers monitoring based on electrical measurements: state of the art

“…Detection of a dead short-circuit condition (0.5% of turns) Stability during overexcitation, inrush condition, and CT saturation [68] negative sequence current 2.27% of the winding and up to 1.92% It does not depend on the load and system disturbances [39] negative sequence components 2% turns in dead short-circuit Serious fault condition [86,87] FFT and WT 2% turns short circuited and fault current up to 1 p.u. Analysis with no-load or low load [61] relay: negative sequence currents 1% turns short circuited (4 turns) Results not generalised (they treated a particular configuration and a single condition of the system) [57] fuzzy logic 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 25% turns short circuited Simple and robust but requires expert criteria. Detects incipient faults in an early stage [36] negative sequence components 1% turns in dead short-circuit Serious fault condition [43] adaptation of conventional differential protection 1% turns in dead short-circuit or more It is not applicable to detect faults in the incipient stage [58] relay: negative sequence currents 1% turns short-circuited (2 turns) Evaluated for different operating conditions, numbers of turns in short circuit, and different connections of the power transformer [69] neutral current of the primary side 4 turns short-circuited Immune to supply voltage unbalance, constructive asymmetries, and instrumental errors and unequal distribution [82,83] ΔV-I 1 locus 2 turns short-circuited Small variations make difficult to realise the fault [96] phase difference between U 1 and I 1 1 or 2 turns short-circuited Applicable only with no-load (and low power factor).…”

“…In [57], a proposal based on FL is presented. The percentage changes of the magnitudes of the negative sequence currents and their phase shifts are evaluated against a fault.…”

Turn-to-Turn Fault Diagnosis on Three-Phase Power Transformer Using Hybrid Detection Algorithm

“…If the faults are not detected, they will develop into more severe faults. Thus, detection of inter-turn faults is a concern in power systems [3,4]. The result of a transformer failure survey, based on the investigation of 750 massive transformer failures from 1996 to 2010, confirmed the importance of short-circuit strength as almost half of the failures were correlated to winding and the insulating system [5,6].…”

Transformer failure diagnosis by different rule extraction method: a review

“…In 2014, Ramesh et al [25] suggested that the inter turn short circuit faults is the main causes of power transformer failures. They have suggested a physical model of a multi-winding power transformer of 100 MVA, 138/13.8 KV.…”